Valmiki Ramayana 5.1.86 — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 1, Shloka 86

समुद्रलङ्घनारम्भः

Commencement of the Ocean-Crossing

Devanagari script

नागाश्च तुष्टुवुर्यक्षा रक्षांसि विबुधाः खगाः।प्रेक्ष्य सर्वे कपिवरं सहसा विगतक्लमम्।।।।

Transliteration

nāgāś ca tuṣṭuvur yakṣā rakṣāṃsi vibudhāḥ khagāḥ |

prekṣya sarve kapivaraṃ sahasā vigataklamam ||

Translation

ਅਚਾਨਕ ਥਕਾਵਟ ਤੋਂ ਰਹਿਤ ਕਪਿਵਰ ਨੂੰ ਵੇਖ ਕੇ ਨਾਗ, ਯਕਸ਼, ਰਾਕਸ਼ਸ, ਵਿਬੁਧ ਅਤੇ ਪੰਛੀ—ਸਭ ਨੇ—ਉਸ ਦੀ ਸਤੁਤੀ ਕੀਤੀ।

Word by Word

• नागाः: nāgas
• नागाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय

• तुष्टुवुः: praised
• तुष्टुवुः: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्तु (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन, परस्मैपद

• यक्षाः: yakṣas
• यक्षाः: Karta (कर्ता; coordinate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• रक्षांसि: rākṣasas
• रक्षांसि: Karta (कर्ता; coordinate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विबुधाः: the wise/learned ones
• विबुधाः: Karta (कर्ता; coordinate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विबुध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• खगाः: birds
• खगाः: Karta (कर्ता; coordinate)
• Type: Noun
• Root: खग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• प्रेक्ष्य: having observed
• प्रेक्ष्य: Kriya-viseshana (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having seen/observed'

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta-anvaya (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifier of the praising groups)

• कपिवरम्: the best of monkeys
• कपिवरम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कपि + वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• सहसा: suddenly/at once
• सहसा: Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सहसा (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक/कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb: suddenly/at once)

• विगतक्लमम्: free from fatigue
• विगतक्लमम्: Karma-anvaya (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विगत + क्लम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (of कपिवरम्)

Context

Observing the unwearied monkey the nagas, yakshas, the demons (protecting the southwest), the learned sages and birds praised him.

Characters & Entities

• Hanumān
• Nāgas
• Yakṣas
• Rākṣasas
• birds (khaga)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Righteous striving inspires even diverse beings to acknowledge virtue; dharmic excellence draws universal recognition beyond factions.

What is the narrative situation?

Multiple classes of beings witness Hanumān’s tireless flight and respond with praise.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Akheda/aklama (tirelessness) as a sign of disciplined devotion to duty.