Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 58, Shloka 33

अष्टपञ्चाशः सर्गः (Sarga 58)

Daśaratha Questions Sumantra; Messages from the Forest Threshold

Devanagari script

सर्वप्रजाभिरामं हि रामं प्रव्राज्य धार्मिकम्।सर्वलोकं विरुध्येमं कथं राजा भविष्यसि।।।।

Transliteration

sarvaprajābhirāmaṃ hi rāmaṃ pravrājya dhārmikam |

sarvalokaṃ virudhyemaṃ kathaṃ rājā bhaviṣyasi ||

Translation

ਸਾਰੀ ਪ੍ਰਜਾ ਨੂੰ ਭਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਧਰਮੀ ਸ਼੍ਰੀ ਰਾਮ ਨੂੰ ਜਲਾਵਤਨ ਕਰ ਕੇ, ਸਾਰੇ ਲੋਕਾਂ ਦਾ ਵਿਰੋਧ ਮੋਲ ਲੈ ਕੇ, ਹੇ ਰਾਜਾ, ਤੂੰ ਫਿਰ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਰਾਜਾ ਰਹਿ ਸਕੇਂਗਾ?

Word by Word

• sarvaprajābhirāmam: delight of all subjects
• sarvaprajābhirāmam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक) + prajā (प्रातिपदिक) + abhirāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: sarvāṇāṃ prajānāṃ abhirāmaḥ = 'delightful to all subjects'

• hi: indeed
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle: indeed/for)

• rāmam: Rama
• rāmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• pravrājya: having banished
• pravrājya: Pūrvakriyā (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vraj (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) with causative sense: 'having banished'

• dhārmikam: righteous
• dhārmikam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dhārmika (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; qualifies rāmam

• sarvalokam: the whole world
• sarvalokam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarvaloka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; sarvaḥ lokaḥ

• virudhya: having antagonized
• virudhya: Pūrvakriyā (पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi+rudh (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund): 'having opposed/antagonized'

• imam: this (one)
• imam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, द्वितीया, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग; refers to the king addressed

• katham: how
• katham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रश्न-अव्यय

• rājā: king
• rājā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• bhaviṣyasi: will you be/become
• bhaviṣyasi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future), परस्मैपदम्, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

Context

When she saw me leaving, she looked at her husband with a dry (pale) face and suddenly burst into tears.

Characters & Entities

• Dasharatha
• Rama
• Lakshmana
• Praja (subjects)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rājadharma: kingship is not mere power but moral alignment with dharma and the people’s welfare; violating it voids true sovereignty.

What is the narrative situation?

A moral challenge is posed to the king: exile of Rama risks total loss of popular and ethical legitimacy.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Rama’s righteousness and popularity; Lakshmana’s insistence on ethical governance.