Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 46, Shloka 6

तमसातीरवासः

Night on the Bank of the Tamasa and the Stratagem to Elude the Citizens

Devanagari script

पितरं चानुशोचामि मातरं च यशस्विनीम्।अपि वान्धौ भवेतां तु रुदन्तौ तावभीक्ष्णशः।।2.46.6।।

Transliteration

pitaraṃ cānuśocāmi mātaraṃ ca yaśasvinīm | api vāndhau bhavetāṃ tu rudantau tāv abhīkṣṇaśaḥ ||2.46.6||

Translation

ਮੈਂ ਆਪਣੇ ਪਿਤਾ ਅਤੇ ਯਸ਼ਸਵਿਨੀ ਮਾਤਾ ਲਈ ਵਿਲਾਪ ਕਰਦਾ ਹਾਂ; ਵਾਰ ਵਾਰ ਰੋ ਰੋ ਕੇ ਉਹ ਦੋਵੇਂ ਕਿਤੇ ਅੰਨ੍ਹੇ ਹੀ ਨ ਹੋ ਜਾਣ।

Word by Word

• pitaram: father
• pitaram: Karma (कर्म/Object) of anuśocāmi
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• anuśocāmi: I grieve for
• anuśocāmi: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu√śuc (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ lakāra (Present), Uttama puruṣa (1st person), Ekavacana (Singular), Parasmaipada

• mātaram: mother
• mātaram: Karma (कर्म/Object) of anuśocāmi
• Type: Noun
• Root: mātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction

• yaśasvinīm: illustrious
• yaśasvinīm: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yaśasvin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Strīliṅga (Feminine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular); agrees with mātaram

• api: perhaps/even
• api: Sambandha-bodhaka (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle 'perhaps/even'

• vā: or
• vā: Vikalpa (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; alternative particle 'or'

• andhau: blind (both)
• andhau: Vidheyaviśeṣaṇa (predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: andha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Dvivacana (Dual); predicate adjective of tau

• bhavetām: may become
• bhavetām: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (धातु)
• Form: Liṅ lakāra (Optative), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Dvivacana (Dual), Parasmaipada

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; particle

• rudantau: weeping (both)
• rudantau: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) of tau
• Type: Verb
• Root: √rud (धातु)
• Form: Śatṛ (present active participle) Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Dvivacana (Dual); qualifies tau

• tau: those two (they)
• tau: Karta (कर्ता/Subject) of bhavetām
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Sarvanāma, Puṃliṅga (Masculine), Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Dvivacana (Dual)

• abhīkṣṇaśaḥ: repeatedly
• abhīkṣṇaśaḥ: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: abhīkṣṇaśaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; frequency adverb 'repeatedly'

Context

The charioteer did as instructed by Rama, returned to him with the chariot and informed (of its readiness).

Characters & Entities

• Rama
• Dasharatha
• Kausalya (implied as 'mother')

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes care for parents (pitṛ-mātṛ-bhakti). Even when duty requires departure, Rama remains morally attentive to parental suffering.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama, leaving for exile, fears the intense sorrow of Daśaratha and Kauśalyā.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Tender-heartedness and filial concern—Rama’s compassion does not diminish even as he accepts exile.