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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 45, Shloka 32

अयोध्यावासिजनानुरागः

The People and Brahmins Follow Rama toward Exile

एवं विक्रोशतां तेषां द्विजातीनां निवर्तने।ददृशे तमसा तत्र वारयन्तीव राघवम्।।।।

evaṁ vikrośatāṁ teṣāṁ dvijātīnāṁ nivartane | dadṛśe tamasā tatra vārayantīva rāghavam ||

ਇਸ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਾਪਸ ਮੁੜਨ ਲਈ ਵਿਲਾਪ ਕਰਦੇ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਦ੍ਵਿਜਾਤੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਵਰਤਨ ਵੇਲੇ, ਉੱਥੇ ਤਮਸਾ ਨਦੀ ਦਿਸ ਪਈ—ਜਿਵੇਂ ਉਹ ਵੀ ਰਾਘਵ ਰਾਮ ਨੂੰ ਰੋਕ ਰਹੀ ਹੋਵੇ।

evamthus/in this way
evam:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootevam (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb (kriyā-viśeṣaṇa)
vikrośatāmof (them) crying aloud
vikrośatām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी/Genitive relation) with teṣām/dvijātīnām
TypeNoun
Rootvi√kruś (धातु)
FormŚatṛ-pratyaya present participle used substantively: vikrośat (crying) + ṣaṣṭhī? actually genitive plural of present participle stem in -at: vikrośatām = Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural); 'of those who were crying'
teṣāmof those
teṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (pronoun), Puṃliṅga (Masculine) (contextual), Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural)
dvijātīnāmof the twice-born (brahmins)
dvijātīnām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootdvijāti (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine) (dvijāti), Ṣaṣṭhī (Genitive/6th), Bahuvacana (Plural)
nivartanein (their) seeking of return
nivartane:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootnivartana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसakaliṅga (Neuter), Saptamī vibhakti (Locative/7th), Ekavacana (Singular); 'in/at the act of return'
dadṛśeappeared/was seen
dadṛśe:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (Perfect), Prathama puruṣa (3rd person), Ekavacana (Singular), Ātmanepada; 'was seen/appeared'
tamasāby/through the (river) Tamasā
tamasā:
Karaṇa (करण/Instrument) (as agent-like cause of appearance)
TypeNoun
Roottamasā (प्रातिपदिक: tamasā-nadī)
FormStrīliṅga (Feminine) (river-name), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana (Singular)
tatrathere
tatra:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; deśa-avyaya (locative adverb)
vārayantīpreventing
vārayantī:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (participial qualifier) of tamasā (personified)
TypeVerb
Root√vṛ (वारयति causative) (धातु)
FormŚatṛ (present active participle) feminine nominative singular; 'preventing/warding off'
ivaas if
iva:
Upamā-bodhaka (उपमा)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; upamā-nipāta (comparative particle)
rāghavamRāghava (Rama)
rāghavam:
Karma (कर्म/Object) with vārayantī (preventing whom)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga (Masculine), Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana (Singular)

While those brahmins were thus crying out, river Tamasa came into view as if seeking Rama to turn back to Ayodhya.

R
Rama (Rāghava)
B
Brahmins (dvijāti)

FAQs

Dharma is portrayed as cosmic and communal: the world itself seems to resist the departure of the righteous, suggesting that moral order is intertwined with the natural and social order.

The story visually shifts as the group reaches the Tamasa river, described as if it stands as a boundary urging Rama to turn back.

Rama’s role as a moral axis (righteous exemplar): his movement changes the emotional and symbolic landscape around him.