Shloka 31

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

उपोष्या द्वादशी पुण्या पक्षयोरुभयोरपि । एष वो निर्णयः प्रोक्तो मया शास्त्रविनिर्णयात् ॥ ३१ ॥

Transliteration

upoṣyā dvādaśī puṇyā pakṣayorubhayorapi | eṣa vo nirṇayaḥ prokto mayā śāstravinirṇayāt || 31 ||

Translation

ਸ਼ੁਕਲ ਅਤੇ ਕ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਨ—ਦੋਵੇਂ ਪੱਖਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਪੁੰਨ ਦ੍ਵਾਦਸ਼ੀ ਦਾ ਵਰਤ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ। ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰਕ ਨਿਰਣੇ ਦੇ ਆਧਾਰ ਤੇ ਮੈਂ ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਫੈਸਲਾ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਹੈ॥३१॥

Word by Word

• उपोष्या: to be fasted
• उपोष्या: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/विधेयविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उपोष्य (कृदन्त; उप-√वस्/उपवास धात्वर्थे)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण — ‘to be fasted’

• द्वादशी: Dvādaśī
• द्वादशी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वादशी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• पुण्या: holy
• पुण्या: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; द्वादशी-विशेषण

• पक्षयोः: of the two fortnights
• पक्षयोः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन; ‘of the two fortnights’

• उभयोः: of both
• उभयोः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), द्विवचन; पक्षयोः इत्यस्य विशेषण — ‘of both’

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निपात (particle) — inclusion/emphasis ‘also/even’

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सर्वनाम — ‘this’

• वः: your (of you all)
• वः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम — ‘of you/your’

• निर्णयः: decision, determination
• निर्णयः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्णय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• प्रोक्तः: has been stated
• प्रोक्तः: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रोक्त (कृदन्त; प्र-√वच् (धातु) क्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (PPP) — ‘has been stated’ (passive sense)

• मया: by me
• मया: Karta (कर्ता; कर्मणि प्रयोगे तृतीया)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण/कर्तृ-निर्देश (agent in passive)

• शास्त्र-विनिर्णयात्: from scriptural determination
• शास्त्र-विनिर्णयात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक) + विनिर्णय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (शास्त्रस्य विनिर्णयः) — ‘from the determination of scripture’ (ablative of source)

Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Dvādaśī-vrata

Verse Rasa

Rasa: {"primary_rasa":"shanta","secondary_rasa":"none","emotional_journey":"Settled conclusiveness: a calm ‘nirṇaya’ (final ruling) stated with scriptural authority."}

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It establishes that observing the Dvādaśī fast is a consistently meritorious dharmic practice in both lunar fortnights, emphasizing reliability and scriptural authority in vrata observance.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

By grounding the fasting rule in śāstra-vinirṇaya, it frames vrata as disciplined devotion—an orderly, scripture-aligned practice commonly associated with sustaining Viṣṇu-bhakti through tithi-based worship and restraint.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

It highlights calendrical and ritual precision tied to tithi (lunar day) reckoning—practical dharma/kalpa-style decision-making used to determine when a vow like Dvādaśī should be observed across both pakṣas.