Shloka 2

Adhyaya 73 — The Uttama Manvantara: Classes of Devas, Indra Sushanti, and the Royal Lineage

Sanskrit

स्वधामानस्तथा देवा यथानामानुकारिणः ।

सत्याख्यश्च द्वितीयोऽन्यस्त्रिदशानां तथा गणः ॥

Transliteration

svadhāmānas tathā devā yathānāmānukāriṇaḥ / satyākhyaś ca dvitīyo 'nyas tridaśānāṃ tathā gaṇaḥ

Translation

ਦੇਵਤਿਆਂ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਗਣ ਆਪਣੇ ਨਾਮ ਅਤੇ ਸੁਭਾਵ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ‘ਸਵਧਾਮਾਨ’ ਕਿਹਾ ਗਿਆ। ਉਹਨਾਂ ਤੀਹ ਦੇਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਦੂਜਾ ਗਣ ‘ਸਤਿਆਖ੍ਯ’ ਨਾਮ ਨਾਲ ਪ੍ਰਸਿੱਧ ਸੀ।

Word by Word

• sva-dhāmānaḥ: having their own abodes/splendor
• sva-dhāmānaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva + dhāman (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘having own abodes/own splendor’

• tathā: thus/also
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb (क्रियाविशेषण)

• devāḥ: the gods
• devāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural

• yathā: as/according to
• yathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; comparative particle ‘as/according to’

• nāmānu-kāriṇaḥ: conforming to their names
• nāmānu-kāriṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nāman + anu + kārin (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Plural; ‘acting in accordance with (their) names’

• satya-ākhyaḥ: named Satya
• satya-ākhyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: satya + ākhya (प्रातिपदिक); समासः
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ‘named Satya’

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)

• dvitīyaḥ: second
• dvitīyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: dvitīya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; ordinal

• anyaḥ: another
• anyaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

• tridaśānām: of the thirty (gods)
• tridaśānām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tridaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive (6th), Plural

• tathā: also/likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; adverb

• gaṇaḥ: group/host
• gaṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st), Singular

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (listing deva groups)

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Deva classifications
• Name-nature correspondence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse asserts a Purāṇic principle: nāma and svabhāva align—names are not arbitrary labels but indicators of function and character.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: enumerating the divine groups characteristic of a given Manu’s era.

What is the esoteric significance?

Deva-gaṇas can symbolize organized modes of consciousness. ‘Svadhāman’ suggests self-luminous stability; ‘Satya’ suggests truth-alignment—two foundational qualities for sustaining an epoch.