Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 32, Shloka 15

Adhyaya 32 — Rules for Parvana Śrāddha: Foods that Please the Ancestors and Items to Avoid

Sanskrit

अन्यायकन्याशुल्कोत्थं द्रव्यञ्चात्र विगर्हितम् ।

दुर्गन्धि फेनिलञ्चाम्बु तथैवाल्पतरोदकम् ॥

Transliteration

anyāya-kanyā-śulkotthaṃ dravyaṃ cātra vigarhitam / durgandhi phenilaṃ cāmbu tathaivālpa-tarodakam

Translation

ਇੱਥੇ ਅਨਿਆਇਕ ‘ਕਨਿਆ-ਸ਼ੁਲਕ’ (ਗ਼ੈਰ-ਉਚਿਤ ਵਧੂ-ਮੁੱਲ) ਆਦਿ ਤੋਂ ਉਪਜੀ ਦੌਲਤ ਵੀ ਨਿੰਦਣਯੋਗ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਬਦਬੂਦਾਰ ਜਾਂ ਝੱਗ ਵਾਲਾ ਪਾਣੀ, ਤੇ ਘੱਟ ਵਹਾਅ ਕਰਕੇ ਥੋੜ੍ਹਾ ਪਾਣੀ ਵੀ ਤਿਆਗਣਯੋਗ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• anyāya-kanyā-śulka-uttham: arising from unjust bride-price
• anyāya-kanyā-śulka-uttham: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anyāya + kanyā + śulka + uttha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुष (anyāyena kanyā-śulkāt uttham)

• dravyam: property/wealth
• dravyam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dravya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• atra: here/in this context
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb of place (देशवाचक अव्यय)

• vigarhitam: censured/blameworthy
• vigarhitam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi + √garh (धातु) + vigarhita (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); predicate adjective of dravyam

• durgandhi: foul-smelling
• durgandhi: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: durgandhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); बहुव्रीहि (dur-gandhaḥ yasya) qualifying ambu/udakam

• phenilam: foamy
• phenilam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: phenila (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); qualifying ambu

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)

• ambu: water
• ambu: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ambu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)

• tathā: likewise
• tathā: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (प्रकारवाचक अव्यय)

• eva: indeed/just
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle/emphasis (अवधारणार्थक अव्यय)

• alpatara-udakam: scanty water (very little water)
• alpatara-udakam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: alpatara + udaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—कर्मधारय (alpataraṃ udakam)

Speakers

• Ritual instruction voice within the Purāṇic dharma discourse (frame-speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Social ethics
• Ritual materials

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite rejects exploitation (commercializing marriage) and also rejects materially unsuitable media (bad water). Dharma is both social justice and ritual fitness.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary dharma/ācāra instruction; not one of the five defining purāṇic topics.

What is the esoteric significance?

Water is a carrier of saṃskāra in rites; foul/unstable water mirrors disturbed intention. The condemnation of unjust bride-price hints that relational purity is as important as ritual purity.