Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 16

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

अन्यायोपार्जितैरर्थैर्यच्छ्राद्धं क्रियते नरैः ।

तृप्यन्ते तेन चाण्डालपुक्कसाद्यासु योनिषु ॥

Transliteration

anyāyopārjitair arthair yac chrāddhaṃ kriyate naraiḥ / tṛpyante tena cāṇḍālapukkasādyāsu yoniṣu

Translation

ਜੇ ਮਨੁੱਖ ਅਨਿਆਇ ਨਾਲ ਕਮਾਈ ਹੋਈ ਦੌਲਤ ਨਾਲ ਸ਼ਰਾਧ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਤਾਂ ਉਸ ਨਾਲ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਰਿਸ਼ਤੇਦਾਰ ਚਾਂਡਾਲ, ਪੁੱਕਸ ਆਦਿ ਜਨਮਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੋਣ ਤੇ ਵੀ ਤ੍ਰਿਪਤ ਹੋ ਜਾਂਦੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• अन्याय-उपार्जितैः: with unjustly acquired
• अन्याय-उपार्जितैः: करण (instrumental qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्याय (प्रातिपदिक) + उपार्जित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: अन्यायेन उपार्जित = acquired unjustly; विशेषण ‘अर्थैः’

• अर्थैः: wealth/resources
• अर्थैः: करण (means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• यत्: which
• यत्: सम्बन्ध/अन्वय (relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; relative pronoun

• श्राद्धम्: śrāddha (ancestral rite)
• श्राद्धम्: कर्म (object of ‘is done’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• क्रियते: is performed
• क्रियते: क्रिया (passive predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘is performed’

• नरैः: by men
• नरैः: कर्ता (agent in passive; कर्तृ-करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• तृप्यन्ते: are satisfied
• तृप्यन्ते: क्रिया (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• तेन: by that/thereby
• तेन: करण (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• चाण्डाल-पुक्कस-आद्यasu: in (those) beginning with caṇḍālas and pukkasas, etc.
• चाण्डाल-पुक्कस-आद्यasu: अधिकरण (locative qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चाण्डाल (प्रातिपदिक) + पुक्कस (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; ‘आदि’ = etc.; विशेषण ‘योनिषु’

• योनिषु: in wombs/births
• योनिषु: अधिकरण (location/state)
• Type: Noun
• Root: योनि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

Speakers

• Not specified in input

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Ethics of wealth (artha-śuddhi)
• Śrāddha
• Karmic consequence
• Social categories in dharma literature

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Means matter: using unjust wealth for sacred duty alters the ‘destination’ of benefit, implying that impurity of acquisition constrains the fruit and mirrors karmic descent within the lineage.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/Ācāra; it is a moral-ritual rule rather than sarga/pratisarga/manvantara narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

Artha carries saṃskāra; unjust acquisition imprints the offering-substance, so the rite’s subtle ‘frequency’ aligns with lower conditions—an inner logic of resonance between cause (means) and effect (fruit).