Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 30, Shloka 4

Adhyaya 30 — Madālasā’s Instruction on Household Duties and Naimittika–Śrāddha Rites

Sanskrit

पुत्रजन्मनि यत्कार्यं जातकर्मसमं नरैः ।

विवाहादौ च कर्तव्यं सर्वं सम्यक् क्रिमोदितम् ॥

Transliteration

putrajanmani yatkāryaṃ jātakarmasamaṃ naraiḥ | vivāhādau ca kartavyaṃ sarvaṃ samyak krimoditam ||

Translation

ਪੁੱਤਰ ਦੇ ਜਨਮ ਵੇਲੇ ਮਨੁੱਖਾਂ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਜੋ ਕੁਝ ਕਰਨਾ ਚਾਹੀਦਾ ਹੈ—ਜਾਤਕਰਮ ਦੇ ਸਮਾਨ ਰੀਤ ਸਮੇਤ—ਅਤੇ ਇਸੇ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿਆਹ ਆਦਿ ਮੌਕਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਕਰਮ, ਸ਼ਾਸਤ੍ਰ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਕਰਨੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• पुत्र-जन्मनि: at a son's birth
• पुत्र-जन्मनि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (जन्मन्), सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (पुत्रस्य जन्म)

• यत्: whatever
• यत्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक/यत्-शब्द (relative)

• कार्यम्: is to be done
• कार्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (धातु) + यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (कार्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘to be done’/duty

• जातकर्म-समम्: equal to the jātakarma rite
• जातकर्म-समम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जातकर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (जातकर्मणा समम्)

• नरैः: by men (people)
• नरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3), बहुवचन

• विवाह-आदौ: in marriage and the like
• विवाह-आदौ: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विवाह (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (विवाहः आदि यस्मिन्/विवाहादिषु)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपात (conjunction)

• कर्तव्यम्: should be done
• कर्तव्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तव्यत् (कृत्)
• Form: कृत्य-प्रत्ययान्त (कर्तव्य), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय (ought to be done)

• सर्वम्: all
• सर्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• क्रिम-उदितम्: as stated by Krima
• क्रिम-उदितम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रिम (प्रातिपदिक) + उदित (कृदन्त; √उद्/वद्?)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (क्रिमेण/क्रिम्णा उदितम् = ‘as stated by Krima’)

Speakers

• Instructional narrator within the Dharma/ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Saṃskāra
• Gṛhastha duties
• Pitṛ-pūjā
• Ritual propriety

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Major transitions in family life (birth, marriage) are sacralized through ordered rites; dharma emphasizes doing them ‘samyak’—with correctness and restraint—so joy is harmonized with responsibility.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is dharma-śāstric guidance embedded in a Purāṇa; it does not directly map to sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita, but supports social continuity central to vaṃśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Life-events are treated as ‘thresholds’ where unseen obligations (ṛṇa to pitṛs) are acknowledged; correct ritual order symbolizes inner order during change.