Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 28, Shloka 3
Adhyaya 28 — Alarka Inquires into Varna and Ashrama Dharma; Madalasa Defines the Fourfold Duties
मदालसोवाच दानमध्ययनं यज्ञो ब्राह्मणस्य त्रिधा मतः ।
नान्यश्चतुर्थो धर्मोऽस्ति धर्मस्तस्यापदं विना ॥
madālasovāca dānam adhyayanaṃ yajño brāhmaṇasya tridhā mataḥ / nānyaś caturtho dharmo 'sti dharmas tasyāpadaṃ vinā
ਮਦਾਲਸਾ ਨੇ ਕਿਹਾ—ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣ ਦਾ ਧਰਮ ਤਿੰਨ ਪ੍ਰਕਾਰ ਦਾ ਮੰਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ: ਦਾਨ, ਸਵਾਧਿਆਇ (ਵੇਦ ਅਧਿਐਨ) ਅਤੇ ਯਜ੍ਞ। ਆਪੱਤਿ-ਕਾਲ ਦੇ ਧਰਮ ਤੋਂ ਬਿਨਾ ਉਸ ਲਈ ਚੌਥਾ ਕਰਤੱਬ ਨਹੀਂ।
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FAQs
The brāhmaṇa ideal is defined by learning, generosity, and sacrificial responsibility; flexibility (āpaddharma) is acknowledged only under genuine hardship.
A dharma-śāstric insert within purāṇic narrative; not a direct pancalakṣaṇa component.
The triad can be read as purification of possession (dāna), purification of intellect (adhyayana), and purification of action (yajña)—a threefold discipline.