Adhyaya 12 — The Son Describes the Narakas: Mahāraurava, Tamas, Nikṛntana, Apratiṣṭha, Asipatravana, and Taptakumbha
ज्वलदग्निचयोद्वृत्ततैलायश्चूर्णपूरिताः ।
तेषु दुष्कृतकर्माणो याम्यैः क्षिप्ता ह्यधोमुखाः ॥
jvaladagnicayodvṛttatailāyaścūrṇapūritāḥ / teṣu duṣkṛtakarmāṇo yāmyaiḥ kṣiptā hy adhomukhāḥ
ਉਹ ਕੜਾਹੇ ਬਲਦੀ ਅੱਗ, ਉਬਲਦੇ ਤੇਲ ਅਤੇ ਲੋਹੇ ਦੇ ਚੂਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਭਰੇ ਹੋਏ ਹਨ। ਯਮਦੂਤ ਪਾਪੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿਰ ਦੇ ਭਾਰ ਸੁੱਟ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ।
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The text frames moral law as administered and impersonal: wrongdoing naturally leads to suffering, depicted through Yama’s agents as executors of cosmic order.
It functions as dharma-upadeśa (ethical instruction) via vivid naraka narration; not a lakṣaṇa category, but a didactic supplement common in Purāṇas.
Oil and iron powder signify sticky, hard-to-escape impressions (saṃskāras) produced by pāpa; the ‘headlong’ fall symbolizes loss of discernment and inversion of values.