Sutra 45
Devanagari script
स्वामिनश्चासन्नवृत्तित्वादमात्यसधर्मा दण्डः इति ॥ कZ_०८.१.४५ ॥
Transliteration
svāminaś cāsannavṛttitvād amātyasadharmā daṇḍaḥ iti.
Translation
ਅਤੇ ਕਿਉਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਰਾਜੇ ਦੇ ਆਚਰਨ ਨਾਲ ਨੇੜੇ ਤੋਂ ਜੁੜਿਆ ਹੋਇਆ ਹੈ, ਇਸ ਲਈ ਦੰਡ (ਬਲ-ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗ/ਦਮਨ-ਸ਼ਕਤੀ) ਅਮਾਤਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਸੁਭਾਵ ਵਰਗਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ (ਅਰਥਾਤ ਇਹ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ ਵਰਗ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਕੰਮ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ)।
Word by Word
स्वामिनःof the king (the master/sovereign)
स्वामिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootस्वामिन्
Formषष्ठी-एकवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग); ‘स्वामिन्’ इति प्रातिपदिकम्
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-अव्ययम्
आसन्नवृत्तित्वात्because of (his) being in close attendance / due to proximity of service
आसन्नवृत्तित्वात्:
TypeNoun (abstract)
Rootआसन्नवृत्तित्व
Formपञ्चमी-एकवचनम् (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); हेतु/कारणार्थे ‘-त्वात्’
अमात्यसधर्माःhaving the same character as ministers / akin to ministers
अमात्यसधर्माः:
TypeAdjective (used predicatively)
Rootअमात्यसधर्म
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग); विशेषणम् (दण्डाः इत्यस्य)
दण्डाःpunishments / penal measures
दण्डाः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formप्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (पुंलिङ्ग)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeQuotative particle
Rootइति
Formइत्यादि-निदर्शक-अव्ययम्; वाक्यसमाप्त्यर्थे
Entities Mentioned
S
svāmin (king/ruler)A
amātya (minister/official)D
daṇḍa (coercive authority)FAQs
Coercion is exercised through officials; discipline, loyalty, and administrative quality determine how force is applied and whether it serves the ruler’s policy.