Sutra 28

Devanagari script

परविषयाद्वा विक्रमेणानीतं यथाप्रदिष्टं राज्ञा भुञ्जीत अन्यत्रार्यप्राणेभ्यो देवब्राह्मणतपस्विद्रव्येभ्यश्च । इत्यस्वामिविक्रयः ॥ कZ_०३.१६.२८ ॥

Transliteration

paraviṣayādvā vikrameṇānītaṃ yathāpradiṣṭaṃ rājñā bhuñjīta anyatrāryaprāṇebhyo devabrāhmaṇatapasvidravyebhyaśca | ityasvāmivikrayaḥ

Translation

ਦੂਜੇ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆਂਦੀ ਜਾਂ ਬਲ ਨਾਲ ਹਾਸਲ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੰਪਤੀ ਨੂੰ ਰਾਜਾ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਹੁਕਮ ਦੇਵੇ ਤਿਵੇਂ ਭੋਗਿਆ/ਧਾਰਿਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਆਰਯ ਦੇ ਪ੍ਰਾਣ (ਸੁਰੱਖਿਅਤ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਦੀ ਜਾਨ) ਜਾਂ ਦੇਵ-ਦ੍ਰਵ੍ਯ/ਮੰਦਰ ਦੀ ਸੰਪਤੀ, ਬ੍ਰਾਹਮਣਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਤਪਸਵੀਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੰਪਤੀ ਦੇ ਮਾਮਲੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਹੀਂ। ਇਹ ਅਸਵਾਮੀ-ਵਿਕ੍ਰਯ (ਮਾਲਕ ਨਾ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਵਿਕਰੀ/ਹਸਤਾਂਤਰ) ਬਾਰੇ ਨਿਯਮ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• परविषयात्: from a foreign territory
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; पञ्चमी; पर-विषयात् = परस्य विषयात् (अन्य-राज्य-प्रदेशात्)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• विक्रमेण: by force/valour
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रम
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया

• आनीतम्: brought/obtained
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: आ-नी
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘आनीत’ = brought/obtained

• यथा: as, according to
• Type: Adverb
• Root: यथा
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकार/अनुरूपार्थे

• प्रदिष्टम्: prescribed/ordered
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: प्र-दिś्
• Form: कृदन्त; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त); नपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा/द्वितीया; ‘प्रदिष्ट’ = prescribed/ordered

• राज्ञा: by the king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; तृतीया

• भुञ्जीत: he should enjoy/use/possess
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज्
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; ‘he should enjoy/use/possess’

• अन्यत्र: except
• Type: Adverb
• Root: अन्यत्र
• Form: अव्यय; अपवादार्थे (except)

• आर्यप्राणेभ्यः: from (cases involving) the lives of āryas (protected persons)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्यप्राण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; पञ्चमी; आर्य-प्राणेभ्यः = आर्याणां प्राणेभ्यः

• देवब्राह्मणतपस्विद्रव्येभ्यः: from the property belonging to gods, Brahmins, and ascetics
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव/ब्राह्मण/तपस्विन्/द्रव्य
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (समाहारार्थे द्रव्य-समुदायः); बहुवचन; पञ्चमी; देव-ब्राह्मण-तपस्वि-द्रव्येभ्यः = देवानां ब्राह्मणानां तपस्विनां द्रव्येभ्यः

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle/Quotative
• Root: इति
• Form: अव्यय; वाक्यसमाप्ति/उद्धरणचिह्न

• अस्वामिविक्रयः: sale by a non-owner
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा; अ-स्वामि-विक्रयः = अस्वामिनः विक्रयः (non-owner’s sale)

Entities Mentioned

• king (rājā)
• Ārya/protected persons
• deva (temple/god-endowment)
• brāhmaṇa
• tapasvin (ascetic)

More Details

FAQs

What administrative principle is established regarding property obtained from outside the realm or by force?

Such property can be regularized for possession/use only under explicit royal prescription, but the state must not validate gains involving protected lives or sacred/ascetic/Brahmin property.

Why are temple/Brahmin/ascetic properties singled out?

They function as protected institutional assets; the state preserves legitimacy and social order by insulating these endowments from opportunistic transfers.