Sutra 8

Devanagari script

तेनाधिप्रणाशोपभोगविक्रयाधानापहारा व्याख्याताः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.०८ ॥

Transliteration

tenādhipraṇāśopabhogavikrayādhānāpahārā vyākhyātāḥ

Translation

ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਰਖਵਾਲੇ ਦੀ ਗ਼ਲਤੀ ਨਾਲ ਨੁਕਸਾਨ, ਭੋਗ/ਵਰਤੋਂ, ਵਿਕਰੀ, ਗਿਰਵੀ ਰੱਖਣਾ ਅਤੇ ਸਿੱਧਾ ਲੈ ਜਾਣਾ (ਹਰਨ) ਵਾਲੇ ਮਾਮਲੇ ਵੀ ਸਮਝਾਏ ਗਏ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• तेन: by that; thereby; with that (principle/method)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम्; तृतीया-एकवचनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्गम् (instrumental sg. of तद्)

• अधिप्रणाश: (cases of) the destruction/death of the owner/superior (as a legal ground)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्र-नश्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (as member of a coordinated list); समासः: अधि-प्रणाशः (overlord’s/owner’s destruction; lit. ‘superior-destruction’)

• उपभोग: use/enjoyment (of property); beneficial enjoyment
• Type: Noun
• Root: भुज्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• विक्रय: sale; selling/alienation by sale
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्री
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• आधान: placing/entrusting; deposit/pledge (contextual legal act)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (in list)

• अपहाराः: takings away; theft/robbery/embezzlement (wrongful seizure)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप-हृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्गम्; प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्

• व्याख्याताः: have been explained/expounded
• Type: Verb (PPP)
• Root: वि-आ-ख्या
• Form: कृदन्तः (क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि/भूतकृत्); प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्; पुंलिङ्गम् (agreeing with अपहाराः; sense: ‘have been explained’)

Entities Mentioned

• custodian
• deposit

More Details

FAQs

What does this closing sutra indicate about Kautilya’s legislative style?

He uses compact rules with explicit extension clauses to cover related fact-patterns, improving consistency and reducing interpretive ambiguity for officials.