Sutra 45

Devanagari script

कृतलक्षणेन वा द्रव्येण प्रत्यानयेदेनम् ॥ कZ_०३.१२.४५ ॥

Transliteration

kṛtalakṣaṇena vā dravyeṇa pratyānayed enam

Translation

ਜਾਂ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਪਛਾਣ-ਨਿਸ਼ਾਨ ਵਾਲੀ ਉਹੀ ਜਾਇਦਾਦ ਵਾਪਸ ਲਿਆਉਣ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਵੇ।

Word by Word

• कृतलक्षणेन: with a marked/identified (distinctively characterized)
• Type: Adjective (participial) + Noun (used adjectivally)
• Root: कृ; लक्षण
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचन, पुं/नपुं (द्रव्येण इत्यस्य विशेषणम्); कृत = कृ-धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकृदन्त, लक्षण = नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (either/or)

• द्रव्येण: by means of money/valuable property
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग

• प्रत्यानेयेत्: he should cause (it/him) to be brought back / should recover
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति-आ-नी
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुष-एकवचन; धातु: नी (1P) उपसर्गौ: प्रति-, आ-; अर्थ: ‘cause to be brought back/restore’

• एनम्: him/it (the said person/thing)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (enam = ‘him/it’, anaphoric)

Entities Mentioned

• custodian
• court/authority (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What is the evidentiary value of ‘kṛtalakṣaṇa’ here?

It converts a verbal claim into verifiable proof: the court can match the item’s marks to the depositor’s description and reject substitutes.