Sutra 11
Devanagari script
उपस्थितस्याधिमप्रयच्छतो द्वादशण्पणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.११ ॥
Transliteration
upasthitasyādhim aprayacchato dvādaśa-paṇo daṇḍaḥ
Translation
ਜੇ ਛੁਡਾਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਹਾਜ਼ਰ (ਅਤੇ ਤਿਆਰ) ਹੋਵੇ, ਫਿਰ ਵੀ ਗਿਰਵੀਧਾਰਕ ਗਿਰਵੀ ਚੀਜ਼ ਵਾਪਸ ਨਾ ਦੇਵੇ, ਤਾਂ ਜੁਰਮਾਨਾ ਬਾਰਾਂ ਪਣ ਹੈ।
Word by Word
उपस्थितस्यof the person who is present (before the authority)
उपस्थितस्य:
TypeNoun (verbal derivative)
Rootउप-स्था
Formकृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक (उपस्थित ‘present/appeared’), षष्ठी-एकवचन (पुं/नपुं), ‘of one who is present/has appeared (in court/assembly)’
अधिम्the deposit / pledged amount
अधिम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधि
Formद्वितीया-एकवचन (पुं), ‘deposit/pledge/earnest’
अप्रयच्छतःof (one) who does not hand over (it)
अप्रयच्छतः:
TypeVerb (participle)
Rootप्र-यम् (यच्छति)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/शानच्-प्रत्यय), नकार-प्रत्ययेन निषेधः; षष्ठी-एकवचन (पुं), ‘of (him) not giving/handing over’
द्वादशtwelve
द्वादश:
TypeNumeral
Rootद्वादशन्
Formसंख्यावाचक, अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः (indeclinable-like numeral)
पणःpana (monetary unit)
पणः:
TypeNoun
Rootपण
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन (पुं); ‘a pana (coin/unit of money)’ — here in measure with numeral
दण्डःa fine / penalty
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formप्रथमा-एकवचन (पुं); ‘fine/punishment’ (predicate nominative)
Entities Mentioned
P
pledge-holder (creditor)R
redeemer (debtor)S
state (fine collector)FAQs
To create predictable enforcement, deter hold-up behavior by creditors, and reduce litigation discretion and bargaining abuse.