Sutra 1

Devanagari script

उपनिधिरृणेन व्याख्यातः ॥ कZ_०३.१२.०१ ॥

Transliteration

upanidhirṛṇena vyākhyātaḥ

Translation

ਉਪਨਿਧਿ (ਜਮ੍ਹਾਂ/ਸੌਂਪੀ ਹੋਈ ਵਸਤੂ) ਦਾ ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਕਰਜ਼ੇ (਋ਣ) ਦੇ ਮਾਡਲ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਸਮਝਾਇਆ ਜਾਵੇ।

Word by Word

• उपनिधिः: deposit; property entrusted for safekeeping
• Type: Noun
• Root: निधि (√धा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• ऋणेन: by/with a debt; by means of a loan
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन (करण/साधन)

• व्याख्यातः: has been explained/defined
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: √ख्या (वि + आ + √ख्या)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थः—‘explained/defined’

Entities Mentioned

• depositor
• deposit-holder (implied)

More Details

FAQs

Why is upanidhi explained through the framework of debt?

Because both create enforceable obligations: the holder owes restoration of the property/value much like a debtor owes repayment, enabling standardized remedies and penalties.