Sutra 36

Devanagari script

कर्माकरणे कर्मवेतनद्विगुणम् हिरण्यादाने प्रत्यंशद्विगुणम् भक्ष्यपेयादाने च प्रहवणेषु द्विगुणमंशं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०३.१०.३६ ॥

Transliteration

karmākaraṇe karmavetanadviguṇam hiraṇyādāne pratyaṃśadviguṇam bhakṣyapeyādāne ca prahavaṇeṣu dviguṇamaṃśaṃ dadyāt

Translation

ਨਿਰਧਾਰਤ ਕੰਮ ਨਾ ਕਰਨ ’ਤੇ ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ/ਵੇਤਨ ਦਾ ਦੋਗੁਣਾ (ਦੰਡ/ਮੁਆਵਜ਼ਾ) ਦੇਣਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। ਨਕਦ (ਹਿਰਣ੍ਯ) ਲੈਣ ’ਤੇ ਲਈ ਰਕਮ ਦਾ ਦੋਗੁਣਾ ਵਾਪਸ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ। ਖਾਣ-ਪੀਣ ਲੈਣ ’ਤੇ—ਖ਼ਾਸ ਕਰਕੇ ਸਰਵਜਨਿਕ ਵੰਡ/ਦਾਅਤ (ਪ੍ਰਹਵਣ) ਵਿੱਚ—ਦੋਗੁਣਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ ਦੇਣਾ ਹੋਵੇਗਾ।

Word by Word

• कर्म: work; assigned duty
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अकरणे: in (the case of) non-performance
• Type: Noun (action-noun)
• Root: कृ (नञ्-पूर्वक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘अकरण’ = न-करण (non-performance)

• कर्मवेतनद्विगुणम्: double the wage for the work
• Type: Noun
• Root: वेतन (√वे/वेत्) + द्विगुण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म-वेतनस्य द्विगुणम्

• हिरण्यादाने: in the taking of money (cash/precious metal)
• Type: Noun (action-noun)
• Root: दा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; हिरण्य-आदान (taking of money)

• प्रत्यंशद्विगुणम्: double the corresponding share/amount due
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंश
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; प्रत्यंशस्य द्विगुणम्

• भक्ष्यपेयादाने: in the taking of food and drink
• Type: Noun (action-noun)
• Root: दा
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; भक्ष्य-च-पेय-च (edibles and drinkables) तयोः आदाने

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• प्रहवणेषु: in market-places / at stalls (places of sale)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रहवण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, बहुवचन

• द्विगुणम्: double
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: द्वि + गुण
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अंशम्: a share/portion
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• दद्यात्: should give; should pay
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• community/corporate body (saṅgha implied)
• offender
• distributing authority (implied)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative principle behind 'dviguṇa' here?

Kauṭilya uses double payment as a simple, scalable deterrent: it is restitution plus a punitive premium, easy to compute and enforce in corporate/community settings.

Why distinguish cash vs. food/drink at prahavaṇa?

Because communal distributions are high-risk for petty diversion; specifying the penalty protects welfare provisioning and public trust.