Sutra 22
Devanagari script
विवीतं भक्षयित्वापसृतानामुष्ट्रमहिषाणां पादिकं रूपं गृह्णीयुः गवाश्वखराणां चार्धपादिकं क्षुद्रपशूनां षोडशभागिकम् ॥ कZ_०३.१०.२२ ॥
Transliteration
vivītaṃ bhakṣayitvāpasṛtānām uṣṭramahiṣāṇāṃ pādikaṃ rūpaṃ gṛhṇīyuḥ gavāśvakharāṇāṃ cārdhapādikaṃ kṣudrapaśūnāṃ ṣoḍaśabhāgikam
Translation
ਜੇ ਪਸ਼ੂ ਵਿਵੀਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਚਰ ਕੇ ਫਿਰ ਉੱਥੋਂ ਹਟ ਜਾਣ, ਤਾਂ ਲਾਗਤ/ਸ਼ੁਲਕ ਲਿਆ ਜਾਵੇ: ਊਠ ਅਤੇ ਮਹਿਸ ਲਈ ਚੌਥਾ ਹਿੱਸਾ; ਗਾਂ, ਘੋੜੇ ਅਤੇ ਗਧੇ ਲਈ ਅੱਠਵਾਂ ਹਿੱਸਾ; ਅਤੇ ਛੋਟੇ ਪਸ਼ੂਆਂ ਲਈ ਸੋਲ੍ਹਵਾਂ ਹਿੱਸਾ।
Word by Word
विवीतम्a restricted/enclosed tract (vivīta area)
विवीतम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootवि-√वी (वे) / विवीत (ppp)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; कर्मपद (भक्षयित्वा इत्यस्य)
भक्षयित्वाhaving eaten/grazed
भक्षयित्वा:
TypeVerb (Gerund)
Root√भक्ष्
Formक्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया; ‘having eaten/grazed’
अपसृतानाम्of (animals) that have strayed away
अपसृतानाम्:
TypeParticiple (adjectival)
Rootअप-√सृ
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुं/नपुंसक, बहुवचन, षष्ठी; ‘of those that have strayed/withdrawn’
उष्ट्रमहिषाणाम्of camels and buffaloes
उष्ट्रमहिषाणाम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootउष्ट्र + महिष
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी; ‘of camels and buffaloes’
पादिकम्a quarter (one-fourth)
पादिकम्:
TypeAdjective/Noun (measure/fraction)
Rootपादिक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘one-fourth share/quarter’ (रूपम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
रूपम्fine (monetary penalty)
रूपम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरूप
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘fine/penalty amount’ (गृह्णीयुः इत्यस्य कर्म)
गृह्णीयुःshould levy/take
गृह्णीयुः:
TypeVerb
Root√ग्रह्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; ‘they should take/levy’
गवाश्वखराणाम्of cows, horses, and donkeys
गवाश्वखराणाम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootगो + अश्व + खर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी; ‘of cows, horses, and donkeys’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formसमुच्चयार्थक अव्यय
अर्धपादिकम्half-quarter (i.e., one-eighth)
अर्धपादिकम्:
TypeAdjective/Noun (measure/fraction)
Rootअर्ध + पादिक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘half of a quarter’ (= one-eighth) (रूपम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
क्षुद्रपशूनाम्of small livestock
क्षुद्रपशूनाम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootक्षुद्र + पशु
Formपुंलिङ्ग, बहुवचन, षष्ठी; ‘of small animals’
षोडशभागिकम्one-sixteenth (share/amount)
षोडशभागिकम्:
TypeAdjective/Noun (measure/fraction)
Rootषोडश + भागिक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, एकवचन, द्वितीया; ‘one-sixteenth share’ (रूपम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; रूपम् अध्याहार्य)
Entities Mentioned
U
uṣṭra (camel)M
mahiṣa (buffalo)G
go (cattle)A
aśva (horse)K
khara (donkey)K
kṣudrapaśu (small livestock)V
vivīta (pasture)FAQs
It is a graduated charge reflecting differential grazing pressure and economic value, aligning payment with expected resource use and potential harm.