Sutra 9

Devanagari script

सार्थव्रजाश्रमव्याधचारणमध्येष्वरण्यचराणामरण्यकृताः सिध्येयुः ॥ कZ_०३.१.०९ ॥

Transliteration

sārtha-vraja-āśrama-vyādha-cāraṇa-madhyeṣu araṇyacarāṇām araṇyakṛtāḥ sidhyeyuḥ

Translation

ਕਾਰਵਾਂ, ਪਸ਼ੂ-ਹਾਕ/ਵ੍ਰਜ, ਆਸ਼ਰਮ, ਸ਼ਿਕਾਰੀ ਅਤੇ ਘੁੰਮੰਤੂ ਟੋਲੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ—ਜੰਗਲ-ਵਾਸੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਜੋ ਲੈਣ-ਦੇਣ ਜੰਗਲ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ—ਉਹ ਅਕਸਰ ਨਿਗਰਾਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਪਰੇ ਪੂਰੇ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ; ਇਸ ਲਈ ਉਹ ਸ਼ੱਕੀ ਹਨ ਅਤੇ ਧਿਆਨ ਨਾਲ ਪਰਖੇ ਜਾਣੇ ਚਾਹੀਦੇ ਹਨ।

Word by Word

• सार्थव्रजाश्रमव्याधचारणमध्येषु: in the midst/among places such as caravans, cattle-settlements, hermitages, hunters, and wandering bards
• Type: Noun
• Root: मध्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-बहुवचन; ‘मध्य’ शब्दः; समासे पूर्वपदानि: सार्थ + व्रज + आश्रम + व्याध + चारण; ‘…मध्येषु’ = ‘…केन्द्रेषु/मध्ये स्थितेषु (स्थानेषु)’

• अरण्यचराणाम्: of forest-dwellers / those who move about in the forest
• Type: Noun (agent noun)
• Root: चर्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन; ‘अरण्यचर’ = अरण्ये चरन् (वनवासी/वनचारी)

• अरण्यकृताः: those done/performed in the forest; forest-made/forest-executed (measures/acts)
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: कृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त); ‘कृत’ = done/made; ‘अरण्यकृत’ = अरण्ये कृतः (वन में किया/रचा/कृत)

• सिध्येयुः: should succeed / would be accomplished
• Type: Verb
• Root: सिध्
• Form: लिङ् (विधिलिङ्); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष; बहुवचन; धातु: सिध् (सिद्धौ)

Entities Mentioned

• caravan traders
• herders
• hermitages
• hunters
• itinerants
• forest-dwellers

More Details

FAQs

How does this relate to state capacity?

Kauṭilya flags low-supervision environments (forests, itinerant contexts) as higher fraud/coercion zones, implying the need for stronger controls and corroboration there.