Sutra 3

Devanagari script

कर्तुः कारयितुः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः ॥ कZ_०३.१.०३ ॥

Transliteration

kartuḥ kārayituḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ

Translation

‘ਸਾਹਸ’ ਦੰਡ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਲੇ (ਅਪਰਾਧੀ) ‘ਤੇ, ਫਿਰ ਕਰਵਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ/ਉਕਸਾਉਣ ਵਾਲੇ ‘ਤੇ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ।

Word by Word

• कर्तुः: of the doer / of the perpetrator
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन; कर्तृ-शब्द (agent noun from √कृ)

• कारयितुः: of the instigator / of the one who causes (another) to do
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृ (णिच् causative)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-एकवचन; कारयितृ-शब्द (causative agent noun: one who causes to do)

• पूर्वः: prior / earlier (in order)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; विशेषण (agreeing with दण्डः)

• साहसदण्डः: the penalty for violence/forcible wrongdoing (sāhasa-penalty)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; समास: साहसस्य दण्डः

Entities Mentioned

• perpetrator
• instigator/commanding party

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy implication of punishing the perpetrator first?

It prioritizes direct culpability and evidentiary clarity, while still preserving downstream accountability for those who orchestrate crimes through agents.