Sutra 29

Devanagari script

पुत्रदारमप्रतिविधाय प्रव्रजतः पूर्वः साहसदण्डः स्त्रियं च प्रव्राजयतः ॥ कZ_०२.०१.२९ ॥

Transliteration

putradāram apratividhāya pravrajataḥ pūrvaḥ sāhasadaṇḍaḥ striyaṃ ca pravrājayataḥ

Translation

ਜੋ ਵਿਅਕਤੀ ਪੁੱਤਰ ਅਤੇ ਪਤਨੀ ਲਈ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਬੰਦੋਬਸਤ ਕੀਤੇ ਬਿਨਾਂ ਸੰਨਿਆਸ/ਪ੍ਰਵ੍ਰਜਿਆ ਲਈ ਚਲਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਉੱਤੇ ‘ਸਾਹਸ’ (ਬਲਪੂਰਵਕ ਅਪਰਾਧ) ਦਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਦੰਡ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ; ਅਤੇ ਜੋ ਕਿਸੇ ਔਰਤ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਵ੍ਰਜਿਆ/ਘਰ-ਤਿਆਗ ਲਈ ਭੇਜਦਾ ਹੈ, ਉਸ ਉੱਤੇ ਵੀ।

Word by Word

• पुत्र: son
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• दारम्: wife (spouse)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• अप्रतिविधाय: without making provision/arrangement (for them)
• Type: Verb (Gerund)
• Root: प्रतिविधा (प्रति + विधा)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (ल्यप्) अव्ययभाव; नकार-पूर्वक (अ-); अर्थः—‘प्रतिविधाय’ = ‘व्यवस्था/प्रतिनिधानं कृत्वा’; ‘अप्रतिविधाय’ = ‘अकृत्वा’

• प्रव्रजतः: of one who departs/renounces (goes forth)
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: प्र + व्रज्
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (जनिटिव—‘of one who goes forth/renounces’)

• पूर्वः: the first (lowest)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्व
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; विशेषणम् (साहसदण्डस्य)

• साहसदण्डः: the sāhasa-penalty (fine for violent/forcible wrongdoing)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड (with साहस)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; समासः—साहसस्य दण्डः

• स्त्रियम्: a woman (wife)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्त्री
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• प्रव्राजयतः: of one who makes (a woman) depart/expels (her)
• Type: Verb (Participle)
• Root: प्र + व्रज् (णिच्)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; णिच्-प्रयोग (causative: ‘to cause to go forth/expel’); पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (जनिटिव—‘of one who makes (her) go forth’)

Entities Mentioned

• householder (pravrajit)
• son
• wife
• woman

More Details

FAQs

What administrative problem is this rule trying to prevent?

Household abandonment that shifts dependents onto the village/king’s support system and destabilizes the labor and tax base.

Why treat inducing a woman to leave as punishable?

Because it can be coercive or disruptive to household order, inheritance, and productive stability; the state discourages forced/engineered separation.