Skanda Purana — Nagara Khanda, Shloka 51

Devanagari script

बुरुडेन च कैवर्तः कैवर्तेन च मेदकः । चत्वारो वैश्यसंभूता एते क्षेत्रे द्विजन्मनाम् । प्रजायन्ते सुरश्रेष्ठ सवकर्मसु गर्हिताः

Transliteration

buruḍena ca kaivartaḥ kaivartena ca medakaḥ | catvāro vaiśyasaṃbhūtā ete kṣetre dvijanmanām | prajāyante suraśreṣṭha savakarmasu garhitāḥ

Translation

ବୁରୁଡ଼ରୁ କୈବର୍ତ୍ତ ଜନ୍ମେ, ଏବଂ କୈବର୍ତ୍ତରୁ ମେଦକ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ। ଏହି ଚାରିଜଣ ବୈଶ୍ୟବଂଶଜ ହୋଇ ଦ୍ୱିଜମାନଙ୍କ ‘କ୍ଷେତ୍ର’ରେ ଜନ୍ମ ନେନ୍ତି; ହେ ଦେବଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ, ନିଜ ନିଜ କର୍ମରେ ସେମାନେ ନିନ୍ଦିତ ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ।

Word by Word

• बुरुडेन: by/with a Buruḍa (person of that group)
• बुरुडेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुरुड (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular (by/with)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• कैवर्तः: Kaivarta (a community/person)
• कैवर्तः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैवर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular

• कैवर्तेन: by/with a Kaivarta
• कैवर्तेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कैवर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• मेदकः: Medaka (a community/person)
• मेदकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular

• चत्वारः: four
• चत्वारः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Numeral used substantively; Nominative plural

• वैश्यसंभूताः: born of Vaiśyas
• वैश्यसंभूताः: Visheshana (Adjectival to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वैश्य + संभूत (कृदन्त; सम्+भू धातु, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण; ‘वैश्यात् संभूत’ (born from a Vaiśya)

• एते: these
• एते: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Pronoun; Nominative plural

• क्षेत्रे: in the region/field (kṣetra)
• क्षेत्रे: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन; Locative singular

• द्विजन्मनाम्: of the twice-born (dvijas)
• द्विजन्मनाम्: Shashthi-Sambandha (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि + जन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Genitive plural; ‘द्विज’ (twice-born) + ‘जन्मन्’ (birth) → ‘द्विजन्मन्’ (twice-born)

• प्रजायन्ते: are born / come into being
• प्रजायन्ते: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद; Present indicative, 3rd plural (are born)

• सुरश्रेष्ठ: O best of the gods
• सुरश्रेष्ठ: Sambodhana (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुर + श्रेष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-प्रथमा, एकवचन; Vocative singular; address

• सवकर्मसु: in all works/occupations
• सवकर्मसु: Adhikarana (Domain/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), बहुवचन; Locative plural; ‘in all occupations/acts’

• गर्हिताः: censured / blameworthy
• गर्हिताः: Visheshana (Adjectival to subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: गर्हित (कृदन्त; गर्ह् धातु, क्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; Passive past participle used adjectivally

Speaker

Bṛhaspati

Tirtha Mahatmya

Type: kshetra

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: a deva addressed as 'suraśreṣṭha/surasattama' (commonly Agastya/Śiva’s gaṇa/another deity in Nāgara-khaṇḍa dialogues; not explicit here)

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A sage-like narrator enumerates lineages and occupations before a deva addressed as 'suraśreṣṭha', with palm-leaf manuscript or rosary in hand; the setting suggests a tīrtha-assembly rather than a battlefield.

Characters & Entities

• Buruḍa
• Kaivarta
• Medaka
• Vaiśya
• Dvija
• Indra

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

The verse concludes a chain of traditional classifications; its function is descriptive within the text’s internal social genealogy model.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

None; this segment is not focused on a named pilgrimage site.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

None; it discusses origins and occupational association.