Rig Veda 4.56.6: Mandala 4, Sukta 56, Mantra 6

Sukta 4.56

Rishi: Vāmadeva Gautama (hymn-cycle attribution)

Devata: Paired sovereign powers associated with ṛta (Mitra–Varuṇa / Ādityas in dual function)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable; needs full metric verification)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

पुनाने तन्वा मिथः स्वेन दक्षेण राजथः । ऊह्याथे सनादृतम् ॥

Transliteration

punāné tanvā́ mitháḥ svéna dákṣeṇa rājathaḥ | ūhyā́the sanā́d ṛtám ||

Translation

ନିଜ ତନୁରେ ପରସ୍ପର ପୁନାନ (ଶୁଦ୍ଧ) ହୋଇ, ନିଜ ଦକ୍ଷ (ବିବେକ-ଶକ୍ତି) ଦ୍ୱାରା ତୁମେ ରାଜ କର; ସନାତନ ଋତମ୍—ସତ୍ୟ-କ୍ରମକୁ ତୁମେ ବହନ କରି ଧାରଣ କର।

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Word by Word

• पुनाने: (you two) being purified / purifying yourselves
• पुनाने: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्) — ‘(तौ) शुद्ध्यमानौ’
• Type: Participle (verbal adjective)
• Root: पू (धातु, ‘पवने/शोधने’) → पुनान- (शतृ/शानच्-वर्तमान कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• तन्वा: with (your) body / with yourselves
• तन्वा: Karaṇa (करणम्) — ‘स्व-तनूना/स्वदेहेन’
• Type: Noun
• Root: तनू- (प्रातिपदिक ‘body, self’)

• मिथः: mutually, with one another
• मिथः: Adverbial (परस्पर-भावे) — क्रियाविशेषणम्
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मिथस् (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)

• स्वेन: with your own
• स्वेन: Karaṇa (करणम्) — ‘स्वेन … (दक्षेण)’
• Type: Adjective (pronominal)
• Root: स्व- (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक ‘own’)

• दक्षेण: with (your) skill/power
• दक्षेण: Karaṇa (करणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्ष- (प्रातिपदिक ‘skill, power, ability’)

• राजथः: you two shine / rule
• राजथः: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया) — कर्ता: ‘पुनाने (तौ)’
• Type: Verb
• Root: राज् (धातु ‘दीप्तौ/राज्ये’)

• ऊह्याथे: you two carry/bring (hither)
• ऊह्याथे: Kriyā (मुख्यक्रिया) — कर्म-ग्रहणम् अपेक्षितम्
• Type: Verb
• Root: वह् (धातु ‘वहने/नयने’) with preverb आ- → आ-वह्; Vedic form ऊह्याथे

• सनात्: from of old, eternally
• सनात्: Adverbial (काल-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सनात् (अव्यय ‘from of old, since ancient times’)

• ऋतम्: ṛta: truth/cosmic order
• ऋतम्: Karma (कर्म) — ‘ऊह्याथे’ इत्यस्य
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋत- (प्रातिपदिक ‘cosmic order, truth’)