Rig Veda 3.6.4: Mandala 3, Sukta 6, Mantra 4

Sukta 3.6

Rishi: Viśvāmitra Gāthina (attributed for RV 3.6)

Devata: Agni (with dyāvā/dhenū imagery)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

महान्त्सधस्थे ध्रुव आ निषत्तोऽन्तर्द्यावा माहिने हर्यमाणः । आस्क्रे सपत्नी अजरे अमृक्ते सबर्दुघे उरुगायस्य धेनू ॥

Transliteration

mahā́nt sadhásthe dhruvá ā́ níṣatto 'ntár dyā́vā mā́hine haryamā́ṇaḥ | ā́skre sapátnī ajáre ámṛkte sabardúghe urugā́yasya dhenū́ ||

Translation

ମହାନ, ସହ-ଆସନରେ ଧ୍ରୁବ ଭାବେ, ସେ ଦୁଇ ଦ୍ୟାବର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ନିବିଷ୍ଟ, ମହାଶକ୍ତିରେ ଗତିଶୀଳ। ଉରୁଗାୟ (ବିଶାଳଗାମୀ)ଙ୍କର ଦୁଇ ଅଚ୍ୟୁତ, ଅଜର, ଅକ୍ଷତ, ନିର୍ବୈର ଦୁଗ୍ଧଧେନୁ ଏକାସାଥି ଝରୁଥିବା ଦୁଧ ଦାନ କରନ୍ତି।

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Word by Word

• महान्: great
• महान्: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण कर्तृपदस्य)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत् (प्रातिपदिक) < PIE *megʰ-

• सधस्थे: in the seat/abode (common place)
• सधस्थे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Noun
• Root: सधस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)

• ध्रुवः: firm, steadfast
• ध्रुवः: Kartā (विशेषण-रूपेण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ध्रुव (प्रातिपदिक) < ध्रु (स्थैर्ये)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• निषत्तः: seated down
• निषत्तः: Kartā (कर्तृपदं—‘he, being seated’)
• Type: Verb (participial)
• Root: √सद् (सीदति) + नि (उपसर्ग) ; क्त (PPP)

• अन्तः: within, between
• अन्तः: Adhikaraṇa (स्थान-निर्देशः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्तर् (अव्यय/उपपद) < PIE *h₁enter

• द्यावा: the two heavens (heaven-and-earth pair, esp. sky)
• द्यावा: Adhikaraṇa (अन्तः—‘between the two heavens’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्याव्/द्यौ (प्रातिपदिक)

• माहिने: in greatness, in majesty
• माहिने: Adhikaraṇa (अन्तः…माहिने—‘in/within greatness’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: माहिन् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘महिमन्/माहि’ से) < √मह्

• हर्यमाणः: being borne/being carried (swiftly)
• हर्यमाणः: Kartā (कर्तृपदं—‘being borne/being carried’)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √हृ (हरति) / वैदिक √हृ ‘to take/bring’ ; यक्-प्रत्यय (माण) वर्तमान कृदन्त

• आस्क्रे: the pressing/straining (vessel/act) (Vedic technical term)
• आस्क्रे: Karma (क्रियायाः लक्ष्य/वस्तु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आस्कर/आस्कृ (प्रातिपदिक; वैदिक) < √स्कृ/√स्कन्द्? (अनिश्चित व्युत्पत्तिः)

• सपत्नीः: co-wives, rivals
• सपत्नीः: Kartā (कर्तृपदं—‘co-wives’ as agents)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स-पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अजरे: in the unaging (state/place)
• अजरे: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अजर (प्रातिपदिक) < √जॄ/√जर् ‘to age’ (नञ्)

• अमृक्ते: in the unsoiled/unstained
• अमृक्ते: Adhikaraṇa
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमृक्त (प्रातिपदिक; नञ् + √मृज् ‘to wipe/clean’ → ‘unwiped/unstained’)

• सबर्दुघे: in the richly-milking (one)
• सबर्दुघे: Adhikaraṇa (धेनू-विशेषण-स्थाने)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सबर्दुघ (प्रातिपदिक; ‘सबर्दुह्’—abundantly milking) < √दुह्

• उरुगायस्य: of the wide-striding/wide-sung (one)
• उरुगायस्य: Sambandha (षष्ठी—सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: उरुगाय (प्रातिपदिक; उरु + गाय ‘wide-going/wide-sung’)

• धेनूः: the cow (milch-cow)
• धेनूः: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनु (प्रातिपदिक) < √दुह्