Rig Veda 1.72.8: Mandala 1, Sukta 72, Mantra 8

Sukta 1.72

Rishi: Madhucchandā Vaiśvāmitra (traditional for RV 1.72)

Devata: Agni (hymn-level); verse foregrounds Saramā and the Seven (often linked with seven rays/seers)

Chandas: Triṣṭubh (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

स्वाध्यो दिव आ सप्त यह्वी रायो दुरो व्यृतज्ञा अजानन् । विदद्गव्यं सरमा दृळ्हमूर्वं येना नु कं मानुषी भोजते विट् ॥

Transliteration

svā́dhyo divá ā́ saptá yahvī́ rāyó dúro vy ṛtá-jñā ajānan | vídad gavyáṃ sarámā dṛḷhám ū́rvaṃ yéna nú kaṃ mā́nuṣī bhójate víṭ ||

Translation

ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ (ସ୍ୱାଧ୍ୟ) ହୋଇ, ଦ୍ୟୌଲୋକରୁ ଆସିଥିବା ସାତ ଯହ୍ୱୀ—ମହାଶକ୍ତିଶାଳୀ—ସତ୍ୟକୁ ଜାଣି ରାୟ (ସମୃଦ୍ଧି)ର ଦ୍ୱାରଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବିସ୍ତୃତ ଭାବେ ଖୋଲିଦେଲେ। ସରମା ଗବ୍ୟ/ପ୍ରକାଶର ଦୃଢ଼ ଆବରଣ (ଊର୍ବ)କୁ ଖୋଜି ପାଇଲା; ଯାହା ଦ୍ୱାରା ଏବେ ମାନବ ସମୁଦାୟ ନିଜ ଅଂଶ—ଭୋଗ ଓ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ—ପାଉଛି।

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Word by Word

• स्वाध्यः: self-impelled / acting by its own power
• स्वाध्यः: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वाधि- (प्रातिपदिक; स्व + आधि/धा ‘स्वे धीयते/स्वाध्य’)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ- (प्रातिपदिक ‘heaven’)

• आ: towards, unto
• आ: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/निपात)

• सप्त: seven
• सप्त: Kartā (कर्तृ-सम्बन्धे संख्याविशेषणम्)
• Type: Numeral
• Root: सप्तन् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)

• यह्वीः: the swift/impetuous (fem.) ones
• यह्वीः: Kartā
• Type: Noun/Adjective
• Root: यह्वी- (प्रातिपदिक)

• रायः: of wealth
• रायः: Adhikaraṇa/सम्बन्ध (सम्बन्ध-षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राय्/रायि- (प्रातिपदिक ‘wealth’)

• दुरः: doors, gates
• दुरः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वर्/द्वार- (प्रातिपदिक ‘door, gate’)

• वि: apart, asunder
• वि: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वि (उपसर्ग)

• ऋतज्ञाः: knowers of ṛta (cosmic order)
• ऋतज्ञाः: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ऋत- + ज्ञा (प्रातिपदिक; ‘knowing ṛta’)

• अजानन्: they knew / recognized
• अजानन्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ज्ञा (जानाति)

• विदत्: she found
• विदत्: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विन्दति ‘finds’)

• गव्यम्: the bovine (treasure), cattle(-wealth)
• गव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective/Noun
• Root: गव्य- (प्रातिपदिक; गो-सम्बन्धि)

• सरमा: Saramā
• सरमा: Kartā
• Type: Proper Noun
• Root: सरमा- (प्रातिपदिक; नाम)

• दृळ्हम्: firm, fast
• दृळ्हम्: Karma (विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दृळ्ह- (प्रातिपदिक; √दृंह्/दृढ् ‘make firm’)

• ऊर्वम्: enclosure, pen (cave-like stall)
• ऊर्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्व- (प्रातिपदिक ‘enclosure, pen; cavern’)

• येन: by which
• येन: Karaṇa
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• नु: now, indeed
• नु: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नु (निपात)

• कम्: whom? / someone (indef.)
• कम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: क (प्रश्न/अनिश्चित-सर्वनाम)

• मानुषी: a human (female), human
• मानुषी: Kartā (कर्तृ-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मानुषी- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘human’)

• भोजते: enjoys, partakes
• भोजते: —
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भुज् (भुनक्ति/भुङ्क्ते ‘enjoy, partake’)

• विट्: the clansman/settler (member of the viś)
• विट्: Kartā (apposition/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विट्- (प्रातिपदिक; ‘settler, clansman; viś-man’)