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Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 5, Shloka 5

अयोध्यानगरवर्णनम्

Description of Ayodhya and the Ikshvaku Royal Setting

कोसलो नाम मुदितस्स्फीतो जनपदो महान् ।निविष्टस्सरयूतीरे प्रभूतधनधान्यवान् ।।।।

kosalo nāma muditaḥ sphīto janapado mahān | niviṣṭaḥ sarayū-tīre prabhūta-dhana-dhānyavān ||

କୋଶଳ ନାମରେ ଏକ ମହାନ ଜନପଦ ଥିଲା—ଆନନ୍ଦମୟ ଓ ସମୃଦ୍ଧ—ସରୟୂ ନଦୀତୀରେ ନିବିଷ୍ଟ, ଧନ ଓ ଧାନ୍ୟରେ ପ୍ରଚୁର।

kośalaḥKosala
kośalaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkośala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative, 1st), एकवचन (Singular)
nāmaby name / namely
nāma:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Specifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नामनिर्देशक-निपात (indeclinable particle indicating name: “by name/namely”)
muditaḥjoyful / rejoicing
muditaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of kośalaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootmudita (कृदन्त; √mud्/मुद् “to rejoice” + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भावे (past participle used adjectivally: “rejoiced/glad”)
sphītaḥprosperous / flourishing
sphītaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of kośalaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootsphīta (प्रातिपदिक/विशेषण)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
janapadaḥcountry / realm
janapadaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject—apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootjanapada (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समानाधिकरण (appositional to kośalaḥ)
mahāngreat
mahān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of janapadaḥ/kośalaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; महत्-शब्द (irregular stem)
niviṣṭaḥsituated / settled
niviṣṭaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of kośalaḥ/janapadaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootniviṣṭa (कृदन्त; √viś्/विश् “to enter, settle” + नि- उपसर्ग + क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle: “situated/settled”)
sarayū-tīreon the bank of the Sarayū
sarayū-tīre:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootsarayū (प्रातिपदिक) + tīra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (tīra), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative, 7th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive tatpuruṣa: “of Sarayū” + “bank”)
prabhūta-dhana-dhānya-vānhaving abundant wealth and grain
prabhūta-dhana-dhānya-vān:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण of kośalaḥ/janapadaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootprabhūta (प्रातिपदिक) + dhana (प्रातिपदिक) + dhānya (प्रातिपदिक) + -vat (वत्-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि-समास (possessive: “one who has abundant wealth and grain”); वत्-प्रत्ययान्त विशेषण

On the banks of river Sarayu, a great and prosperous country named Kosala, abundant in foodgrains and wealth and inhabited by contended people, was situated.

K
Kosala
S
Sarayū

FAQs

A righteous polity is implied: prosperity, contentment, and stability in a realm are presented as fruits of dharmic governance and social order.

The epic begins its geographical and cultural setting by describing Kosala, the homeland of Rāma’s dynasty.

Not a single character’s trait, but the civic ideal of well-being under orderly rule—an indirect praise of good kingship.