Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 21

Vyākaraṇa-saṅgraha: Pada–Vibhakti–Kāraka–Lakāra–Samāsa

Devanagari script

भूवाद्या धातवः प्रोक्ताः सनाद्यन्तास्तथा ततः । लडीरितो वर्तमाने भूतेऽनद्यतने तथा ॥ २१ ॥

Transliteration

bhūvādyā dhātavaḥ proktāḥ sanādyantāstathā tataḥ | laḍīrito vartamāne bhūte'nadyatane tathā || 21 ||

Translation

‘ଭୂ’ ଆଦି ଧାତୁମାନେ କଥିତ, ଏବଂ ‘ସନ୍’ ଆଦି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟାନ୍ତ ଧାତୁମାନେ ମଧ୍ୟ। ତାପରେ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳରେ ‘ଲଟ୍’ ଲକାର ବିଧିତ; ଅନଦ୍ୟତନ ଭୂତ (ନିକଟ ଅତୀତ) କାଳରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ତଦ୍ରୂପ॥

Word by Word

• भू-आद्याः: beginning with ‘bhū’
• भू-आद्याः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भू (धातु) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (निर्देश: ‘भू इत्यादि’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; धातवः इति विशेषणम्

• धातवः: verbal roots
• धातवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• प्रोक्ताः: are stated
• प्रोक्ताः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृत्) → प्रोक्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (धातवः) इति विधेयः

• सनादि-अन्ताः: having san etc. as endings (sanādi)
• सनादि-अन्ताः: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सनादि (प्रातिपदिक; सन्-आदि) + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक) (समास)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; धातवः इति विशेषणम्; ‘ending with san etc. (sanādi affixes)’

• तथा: also/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• ततः: thereafter
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), अनन्तरार्थक ‘thereafter/from that’

• लट्: laṭ (present tense/mood marker)
• लट्: Vishaya (विषय/Topic)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लट् (लकार-नाम)
• Form: लकार-शब्द (technical), प्रथमा, एकवचन (अव्ययवत्-प्रयोगः)

• ईरितः: is declared
• ईरितः: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईर्/ईरित (धातु √ईर् ‘to state’) + क्त (कृत्) → ईरित (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (लट्) इति विधेयः; ‘is taught/declared’

• वर्तमाने: in the present
• वर्तमाने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्तमान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the present (time)’

• भूते: in the past
• भूते: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; ‘in the past’

• अनद्यतने: not of today (remote)
• अनद्यतने: Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनद्यतन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; भूत इति विशेषणम्; ‘not of today’ (remote past)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

Speaker

Sanatkumara (teaching Narada in a technical Vyakarana context)

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: none

Characters & Entities

• Narada
• Sanatkumara

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in Narada Purana?

It presents Vedāṅga-Vyākaraṇa as a disciplined means of clarity in sacred study—purifying understanding of Vedic language, which supports right knowledge (jñāna) and thus aids the pursuit of mokṣa.

How does this verse explain the path of devotion (Bhakti)?

Indirectly: correct grammar preserves the accurate form and meaning of mantras, names, and hymns used in Vishnu-bhakti; precise expression protects devotional recitation from distortion.

What practical Vedic knowledge (Vedanga) is highlighted here?

Vyākaraṇa (Sanskrit grammar): classification of verbal roots (dhātu), use of san-ādi affixes, and the application of the laṭ-lakāra for present and anadyatana (non-immediate) past contexts.