Shloka 5

Adhyaya 54 — Cosmography of Jambudvipa: Continents, Oceans, Varshas, and Mount Meru

Sanskrit

ये ते द्वीपा मया प्रोक्ता जम्बूद्वीपादयो द्विज ।

पुष्करान्ता महाभाग शृण्वेषां विस्तरं पुनः ॥

Transliteration

ye te dvīpā mayā proktā jambūdvīpādayo dvija |

puṣkarāntā mahābhāga śṛṇv eṣāṃ vistaraṃ punaḥ ||

Translation

ହେ ଦ୍ୱିଜ, ହେ ଭାଗ୍ୟବାନ! ମୁଁ ପୂର୍ବେ ଯେ ଦ୍ୱୀପମାନଙ୍କୁ ଉଲ୍ଲେଖ କରିଥିଲି—ଜମ୍ବୁଦ୍ୱୀପରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ କରି ପୁଷ୍କର ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ—ଏବେ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ବିସ୍ତୃତ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା ପୁନର୍ବାର ଶୁଣ।

Word by Word

• ye: which (those)
• ye: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• te: those
• te: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); 'ये' इत्यस्य सहसंबन्धि (correlative)

• dvīpāḥ: continents/islands
• dvīpāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)

• mayā: by me
• mayā: Karaṇa (करण/Agent-instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन (Singular)

• proktāḥ: spoken/mentioned
• proktāḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra + vac (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); 'द्वीपाः' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• jambūdvīpa-ādayaḥ: beginning with Jambūdvīpa
• jambūdvīpa-ādayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jambūdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक; समास) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष: 'जम्बूद्वीपः आदिः येषाम्' (beginning with Jambūdvīpa)

• dvija: O twice-born
• dvija: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvija (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)

• puṣkarāntāḥ: ending with Puṣkara (dvīpa)
• puṣkarāntāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: puṣkara (प्रातिपदिक) + anta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural); तत्पुरुष: 'पुष्करः अन्तः (पर्यवसानम्) येषाम्' (ending with Puṣkara)

• mahābhāga: O fortunate one / O noble sir
• mahābhāga: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mahā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मधारय: 'महान् भागः (भाग्यं) यस्य' (honorific)

• śṛṇu: hear/listen
• śṛṇu: Kriyā (क्रिया/Command)
• Type: Verb
• Root: śru (धातु)
• Form: लोट्-लकार (Imperative), मध्यम-पुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• eṣām: of these
• eṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive), बहुवचन (Plural)

• vistaram: the extent/detail
• vistaram: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vistara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)

• punaḥ: again/further
• punaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: punaḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb): 'again/further'

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya → Krauṣṭuki

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sacred geography
• Cosmography
• Systematic exposition

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Repetition ‘punaḥ’ indicates that sacred knowledge is reinforced through revisiting: learning is cumulative, and cosmology is taught in layered expansions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: detailed mapping of dvīpas is part of describing the created world’s structure and divisions.

What is the esoteric significance?

The progression from Jambū to Puṣkara can be read as a graded expansion of the cosmos; inwardly, it mirrors the seeker’s widening horizon from the familiar center to the farthest conceptual boundary.