Shloka 5

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

संसारेऽस्मिन् मनुष्याणां भ्रमतामतिसङ्कटे ।

भवद्विधैः समं सङ्गो जायते नातपस्विनाम् ॥

Transliteration

saṃsāre 'smin manuṣyāṇāṃ bhramatām atisaṅkaṭe | bhavadvidhaiḥ samaṃ saṅgo jāyate nātapasvinām ||

Translation

ଏହି ଭୟଙ୍କର ସଂସାରରେ ଯେଉଁଠି ମନୁଷ୍ୟମାନେ ମୋହରେ ଭ୍ରମଣ କରନ୍ତି, ଯେମାନେ ନିଜେ ତପସ୍ବୀ ନୁହନ୍ତି ସେମାନଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ଆପଣଙ୍କ ପରି ଋଷି-ମୁନିଙ୍କ ସତ୍ସଙ୍ଗ ସହଜରେ ମିଳେ ନାହିଁ।

Word by Word

• संसारे: in the world/cycle of existence
• संसारे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; locative singular

• अस्मिन्: in this
• अस्मिन्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; demonstrative pronoun used adjectivally

• मनुष्याणाम्: of humans
• मनुष्याणाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; genitive plural

• भ्रमताम्: of those who wander/err
• भ्रमताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भ्रम् (धातु) → भ्रमन् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; शतृ-प्रत्यय (present active participle) used substantively; genitive plural

• अति-सङ्कटे: in the extremely perilous (state)
• अति-सङ्कटे: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अति (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + सङ्कट (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; adjective to 'संसारे' (locative)

• भवत्-विधैः: with people like you
• भवत्-विधैः: सहकारक (Sahakāraka/Instrumental of association)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भवत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; 'भवत्सदृश' = like you; instrumental plural

• समम्: together, in company
• समम्: सम्बन्ध (Association marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; उपपद/क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial) meaning 'together/with'

• सङ्गः: association, companionship
• सङ्गः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; nominative singular

• जायते: arises, happens
• जायते: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध (negation particle)

• अतपस्विनाम्: of those without austerity
• अतपस्विनाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ- (नञ्) + तपस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), बहुवचन; genitive plural; 'non-ascetics'

Speakers

• Inquirer (Jaimini in the common frame) addressing revered Brahmins/sages

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Satsaṅga
• Tapas
• Spiritual qualification

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse stresses adhikāra (fitness): higher knowledge and transforming company (satsaṅga) typically comes to those who cultivate tapas, discipline, and sincerity; otherwise one continues to ‘wander’ in saṃsāra’s hazards.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Indirect prologue to purāṇic instruction; it prepares for pañcalakṣaṇa themes by establishing the student’s humility and the rarity of access to authoritative narrators before sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita are requested.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Wandering’ points to the mind’s saṅkalpa-vikalpa; tapas symbolizes inner heat that ripens receptivity, making the ‘meeting with sages’ an inner convergence of purified intellect with śāstra.