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Shloka 1

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

इति श्रीमार्कण्डेयपुराणे पितापुत्रसंवादे जडोपाख्यानं नाम चतुश्चत्वारिंशोऽध्यायः ।

जैमिनिरुवाच सम्यगेतनमाख्यातं भवद्भिर्द्विजसत्तमाः ।

प्रवृत्तं च निवृत्तं च द्विविधं कर्म वैदिकम् ॥

Transliteration

iti śrīmārkaṇḍeyapurāṇe pitāputra-saṃvāde jaḍopākhyānaṃ nāma catuścatvāriṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ /

jaiminir uvāca samyag etan mamākhyātaṃ bhavadbhir dvija-sattamāḥ /

pravṛttaṃ ca nivṛttaṃ ca dvi-vidhaṃ karma vaidikam

Translation

ଏହିପରି ଶ୍ରୀ ମାର୍କଣ୍ଡେୟ ପୁରାଣର ପିତା-ପୁତ୍ର ସଂବାଦରେ ‘ଜଡ-ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗ’ ନାମକ ଚୁଆଳିଶତମ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ସମାପ୍ତ ହେଲା। ଜୈମିନି କହିଲେ—ହେ ଦ୍ୱିଜଶ୍ରେଷ୍ଠ, ଆପଣ ମୋତେ ଏହା ସମ୍ୟକ୍ ଭାବେ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା କରିଛନ୍ତି। ବୈଦିକ କର୍ମ ଦୁଇ ପ୍ରକାର—ପ୍ରବୃତ୍ତିମାର୍ଗ ଓ ନିବୃତ୍ତିମାର୍ଗ।

Word by Word
itithus
iti:
Vacana-prayojaka (वचनप्रयोजक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उद्धरणसमाप्तिसूचक (quotative particle)
śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇein the Śrī Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa
śrī-mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī (प्रातिपदिक) + mārkaṇḍeya (प्रातिपदिक) + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ग्रन्थनाम (in the Śrī-Mārkaṇḍeya-Purāṇa)
pitā-putra-saṃvādein the dialogue of father and son
pitā-putra-saṃvāde:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpitṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + putra (प्रातिपदिक) + saṃvāda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; ‘संवादे’ इत्यत्र षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (pitāputrayoḥ saṃvādaḥ)
jaḍa-upākhyānamthe episode called ‘Jaḍopākhyāna’
jaḍa-upākhyānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjaḍa (प्रातिपदिक) + upākhyāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नामधेय (title)
nāmanamed
nāma:
Visheshana-bhava (विशेषणभाव)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnāma (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; नामनिर्देशक (particle meaning ‘named/called’)
catuḥcatvāriṃśaḥforty-fourth
catuḥcatvāriṃśaḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootcatuḥcatvāriṃśat (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; अध्यायस्य विशेषणम् (ordinal sense: forty-fourth)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
jaiminiḥJaimini
jaiminiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjaimini (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (वच् धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
samyakproperly, correctly
samyak:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsamyak (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
etatthis (teaching)
etat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootetat (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; संदर्भवाचक (this)
mamato me / my
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
ākhyātamhas been explained
ākhyātam:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√khyā (ख्या धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; कर्मणि: “has been explained”
bhavadbhiḥby you (all)
bhavadbhiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
dvija-sattamāḥO best of the twice-born
dvija-sattamāḥ:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + sattama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; सम्बोधनार्थे अपि प्रयुज्यते (addressing sense)
pravṛttamactive (engaged)
pravṛttam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpra-√vṛt (वृत् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘कर्म’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
nivṛttamwithdrawn (renunciatory)
nivṛttam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootni-√vṛt (वृत् धातु) + क्त (क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formकृदन्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘कर्म’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक
dvi-vidhamtwofold
dvi-vidham:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘कर्म’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
karmaaction/ritual duty
karma:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
vaidikamVedic
vaidikam:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvaidika (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘कर्म’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
Speakers
Colophon voice + Jaimini addressing the wise birds (dvija-sattamāḥ)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jijnasa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
Pravṛtti vs NivṛttiVedic duty classificationTextual colophonDialogue continuation

FAQs

The Purāṇa harmonizes two legitimate Vedic orientations: pravṛtti (duty, society, ritual, ethical action) and nivṛtti (renunciation, inner freedom). The earlier story illustrates nivṛtti without denigrating dharma; here Jaimini explicitly recognizes the twofold framework.

This is classificatory dharma teaching rather than cosmology/genealogy. It functions as a hermeneutic key for reading Vedic prescriptions—some aim at ordered worldly life (pravṛtti), others at liberation (nivṛtti).

Pravṛtti and nivṛtti can be read as outward and inward yajña: the former offers actions into social order; the latter offers the sense of doership into Brahman. Both are ‘vaidika’ when aligned with truth and discipline.

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