Shloka 33

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

रेतोमूत्रकृताहारास्तन् मासं पितरस्तयोः ।

तस्मात्तु प्रथमं कार्यं प्राज्ञेनोपनिमन्त्रणम् ॥

Transliteration

retomūtrakṛtāhārāstanmāsaṃ pitarastayoḥ | tasmāttu prathamaṃ kāryaṃ prājñenopanimantraṇam ||

Translation

ସେଇ ମାସରେ ସେ ଦୁଇଜଣଙ୍କ ପିତୃମାନେ ଆହାରରୂପେ ଶୁକ୍ର, ମୂତ୍ର ଓ ବିଷ୍ଠା ଦ୍ୱାରା ଜୀବନ ଧାରଣ କରନ୍ତି। ତେଣୁ ବୁଦ୍ଧିମାନ ପ୍ରଥମେ ଯଥାଯଥ ଅତିଥିଙ୍କ ପୂର୍ବ-ନିମନ୍ତ୍ରଣ କରିବା ଉଚିତ।

Word by Word

• retaḥ: of semen
• retaḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: retas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन) — in compound relation

• mūtra: of urine
• mūtra: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: mūtra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन) — in compound relation

• kṛta: made/consisting of
• kṛta: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛ (कृ धातु) + kta (क्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त-कृदन्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन) — qualifying āhārāḥ

• āhārāḥ: foods/diet
• āhārāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• te: they
• te: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन) — pronoun for pitaras

• māsam: for a month
• māsam: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: māsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) — duration (कालाधिकरण/अत्यन्तसंयोग)

• pitaraḥ: the ancestors (pitṛs)
• pitaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• tayoḥ: of those two
• tayoḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Dual (द्विवचन) — ‘of those two’

• tasmāt: therefore/from that
• tasmāt: Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) — contrast/emphasis

• prathamam: first
• prathamam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन) — adverbial use ‘first’ qualifying kāryam

• kāryam: the act to be done
• kāryam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kārya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• prājñena: by the wise man
• prājñena: Karta (कर्ता) / Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prājña (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• upanimantraṇam: invitation (formal inviting)
• upanimantraṇam: Karta (कर्ता) / Karma (कर्म) (as the ‘thing to be done’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: upa-ni-mantra (मन्त्र् धातु) + lyuṭ (ल्युट्)
• Form: Action noun (ल्युट्-कृदन्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speakers

• Didactic narrator within the Purāṇic discourse (Śrāddha injunctions; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Śrāddha procedure
• Ritual consequence imagery
• Self-restraint

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite is portrayed as fragile: negligence and sensuality degrade its fruit. The practical counsel—begin with proper invitation—grounds the rite in disciplined preparation and ethical seriousness.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra/dharma instruction; it provides ritual protocol and deterrent consequences.

What is the esoteric significance?

The shocking ‘food’ description functions as a negative visualization: it trains aversion to actions that would invert the intended ‘nourishment’ of the pitṛs through offerings.