Shloka 42

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

अहं त्वस्याḥ प्रभि प्रीत्या दुःखितात्र समागता ।

यतो विशेषो नैवास्ति स्वसखी-निजदेहयोः ॥

Transliteration

ahaṃ tv asyāḥ prabhi prītyā duḥkhitātra samāgatā | yato viśeṣo naivāsti svasakhī-nijadehayoḥ ||

Translation

କିନ୍ତୁ ମୁଁ ତାହାପ୍ରତି ସ୍ନେହରୁ ଶୋକାକୁଳ ହୋଇ ଏଠାକୁ ଆସିଛି; କାରଣ ପ୍ରିୟ ସଖା ଓ ନିଜ ଶରୀର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଯେନେ କୌଣସି ଭେଦ ନାହିଁ।

Word by Word

• अहम्: I
• अहम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: सम्बन्धसूचक (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वयबोधक-निपात (particle: but/indeed)

• अस्याः: of her
• अस्याः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (प्रातिपदिक/सर्वनाम)
• Form: सर्वनाम; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• प्रभि: O lady (Prabhī)
• प्रभि: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन (पाठानुसार; संबोधनरूप)

• प्रीत्या: out of affection
• प्रीत्या: करण/हेतु (Instrument/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रीति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण/हेतु-अर्थे

• दुःखिता: distressed
• दुःखिता: कर्ता (Karta; predicate adjective of अहम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित (कृदन्त; दुःख् + क्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: अधिकरण (Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: here)

• समागता: have come
• समागता: क्रिया (Verbal predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + आ + गम् (धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोगे ‘have come’

• यतः: because
• यतः: हेतु (Reason)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतः (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतुवाचक-अव्यय (indeclinable: because/since)

• विशेषः: difference
• विशेषः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात

• एव: at all/indeed
• एव: अवधारण (Emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-निपात (emphatic particle: indeed/just)

• अस्ति: is
• अस्ति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• स्वसखी-निजदेहयोः: of (my) female friend and (my) own body
• स्वसखी-निजदेहयोः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वसखी (प्रातिपदिक) + निजदेह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व-समास (itaretara); द्विवचनार्थे षष्ठी/सप्तमी-द्विवचनरूप ‘-योः’; here षष्ठी (6th) द्विवचन

Speakers

• Female speaker expressing empathy and solidarity with her friend

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Friendship ethics
• Compassion
• Shared identity/solidarity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

True friendship is framed as non-separation: another’s pain becomes one’s own duty to address—an ethical ideal consistent with dharmic compassion.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ānucarita (didactic narrative). It supplies nīti (ethical teaching) within story rather than cosmological taxonomy.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘no difference between friend and body’ hints at expanded self-sense—moving from ego-bound identity toward relational unity (a stepping-stone to broader dayā).