Shloka 3

च्यवन-कुशिक-संवादः

Cyavana–Kuśika Dialogue on Hospitality, Service, and Lineage Questions

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच आत्मा पुत्रश्न विज्ञेयस्तस्यानन्तरजश्न यः । निरुक्तजश्न विज्ञेय: सुत: प्रसृतजस्तथा

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca ātmā putraḥ vijñeyaḥ tasyānantara-jaḥ yaḥ | nirukta-jaḥ vijñeyaḥ sutaḥ prasṛta-jaḥ tathā ||

Translation

ଭୀଷ୍ମ କହିଲେ—ପତି-ପତ୍ନୀଙ୍କ ସଂଯୋଗରେ ତୃତୀୟ କାହାର ହସ୍ତକ୍ଷେପ ବିନା, କେବଳ ପତିଙ୍କ ବୀର୍ୟରୁ ଯେ ପୁତ୍ର ଜନ୍ମେ, ସେ ‘ଅନନ୍ତରଜ’ (ଔରସ) ପୁତ୍ର; ତାକୁ ନିଜ ଆତ୍ମା ସମାନ ଜାଣିବା ଉଚିତ। ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ‘ନିରୁକ୍ତଜ’ ଏବଂ ତୃତୀୟ ‘ପ୍ରସୃତଜ’ ପୁତ୍ର। (ଏହି ଦୁଇଟି କ୍ଷେତ୍ରଜ ପୁତ୍ରର ଉପଭେଦ।)

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular

• आत्मा: the self
• आत्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अनन्तरजः: born without an intervening (man); legitimate (aurasa)
• अनन्तरजः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनन्तरज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विज्ञेयः: to be known/considered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-ज्ञा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तस्य: of him/its
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• अनन्तरजः: the anantaraja son
• अनन्तरजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनन्तरज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यः: who
• यः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निरुक्तजः: the niruktaja (a type of kshetraja son)
• निरुक्तजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरुक्तज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विज्ञेयः: to be known/considered
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-ज्ञा
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सुतः: son
• सुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रसृतजः: the prasritaja (a type of kshetraja son)
• प्रसृतजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रसृतज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: thus/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma outlines a dharma-based taxonomy of sons, emphasizing that the ‘anantaraja’ (aurasa) son—born solely from the husband’s seed without third-party involvement—should be regarded as one’s own self, while also acknowledging other recognized categories (niruktaja, prasritaja) within discussions of lineage and legal-ethical status.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anushasana Parva’s instructional setting, Bhishma is teaching norms of dharma concerning family and progeny, defining and ranking types of sons used in traditional legal-ethical discourse about lineage, rights, and social recognition.