Shloka 15

Īśvara-gītā: Brahman as All-Pervading—Kāla, Prakṛti–Puruṣa, Tattva-Evolution, and Mokṣa

Devanagari script

तेनाविवेकतस्तस्मात् संसारः पुरुषस्य तु / स चाविवेकः प्रकृतौ सङ्गात् कालेन सो ऽभवत्

Transliteration

tenāvivekatastasmāt saṃsāraḥ puruṣasya tu / sa cāvivekaḥ prakṛtau saṅgāt kālena so 'bhavat

Translation

ଏହିପରି ସେଇ ଅବିବେକରୁ ପୁରୁଷଙ୍କ ପାଇଁ ସଂସାର ହୁଏ। ଏବଂ ସେଇ ଅବିବେକ କାଳକ୍ରମେ ପ୍ରକୃତି ସହ ସଙ୍ଗରୁ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୁଏ।

Word by Word

• tena: because of that/thereby
• tena: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• avivekataḥ: due to non-discrimination
• avivekataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: aviveka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ablatival adverb) ‘-तः’ = “from/due to”; अर्थे कारण (cause)

• tasmāt: from that/thence
• tasmāt: Apadana (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• saṃsāraḥ: cycle of transmigration
• saṃsāraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃsāra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• puruṣasya: of the person
• puruṣasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: puruṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/विशेषणार्थक निपात (adversative/emphatic particle)

• saḥ: that (non-discrimination)
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• avivekaḥ: non-discrimination
• avivekaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aviveka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• prakṛtau: in/with Prakṛti (nature)
• prakṛtau: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prakṛti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• saṅgāt: from attachment/due to association
• saṅgāt: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• kālena: by time/in course of time
• kālena: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• saḥ: it/that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• abhavat: arose/became
• abhavat: Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √bhū (भू धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speaker

Lord Kūrma (Vishnu) instructing (in a Sāṅkhya-Yoga frame aligned with Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Kūrma
• Puruṣa
• Prakṛti
• Kāla
• Saṃsāra
• Aviveka

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It distinguishes the puruṣa (the conscious self) from Prakṛti, implying that bondage is not intrinsic to the Self but arises from aviveka—failure to discern the Self as distinct from nature and its modifications.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

The verse foregrounds viveka (discriminative knowledge) and vairāgya (dispassion) as core Yogic remedies: by reducing prakṛti-saṅga (attachment to nature) through disciplined practice, one reverses the time-born habit of non-discrimination that sustains saṃsāra.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

While not naming Śiva directly, the teaching matches the shared Shaiva-Vaishnava soteriology of the Kurma Purana: liberation comes through discriminative insight and detachment from Prakṛti—principles central to both Pāśupata-oriented discipline and Vaiṣṇava Yogic instruction.