Shloka 31

Āvāhāryaka-Śrāddha: Qualifications of Recipients, Paṅkti-Pāvana, and Exclusions

Devanagari script

दत्तानुयोगान् वृत्यर्थं पतितान् मनुरब्रवीत् / वेदविक्रायिणो ह्येते श्राद्धादिषु विगर्हिताः

Transliteration

dattānuyogān vṛtyarthaṃ patitān manurabravīt / vedavikrāyiṇo hyete śrāddhādiṣu vigarhitāḥ

Translation

ଜୀବିକା ପାଇଁ ଯେମାନେ ଦତ୍ତାନୁଯୋଗ (ପାରିଶ୍ରମିକ ନେଇ କର୍ମ କରିବା ନିଯୁକ୍ତି) ଗ୍ରହଣ କରନ୍ତି, ମନୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କୁ ‘ପତିତ’ କହିଛନ୍ତି; କାରଣ ସେମାନେ ବେଦବିକ୍ରେତା, ତେଣୁ ଶ୍ରାଦ୍ଧାଦି କର୍ମରେ ନିନ୍ଦିତ।

Word by Word

• datta-anuyogān: given assignments/commissions
• datta-anuyogān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: datta (कृदन्त; √dā धातु) + anuyoga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन; कर्मधारय/तत्पुरुषभावः ‘दत्तः अनियोगः’ → ‘given commissions/assignments’

• vṛtti-artham: for livelihood
• vṛtti-artham: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/Purpose)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: vṛtti (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभाव-समास; द्वितीया-एकवचनरूपेण अव्ययवत्; अर्थे ‘for the sake of livelihood’

• patitān: the fallen (persons)
• patitān: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patita (कृदन्त; √pat धातु)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; ‘पतित’ = fallen/outcaste

• manuḥ: Manu
• manuḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manu (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• abravīt: said, declared
• abravīt: Kriyā (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √brū (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• veda-vikrāyiṇaḥ: sellers of the Veda
• veda-vikrāyiṇaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: veda (प्रातिपदिक) + vikrāyin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (vedasya vikrāyiṇaḥ)

• hi: indeed, for
• hi: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: hi (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/बलार्थ

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• śrāddha-ādiṣu: in śrāddha rites etc.
• śrāddha-ādiṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), बहुवचन; ‘ādi’समासान्त; अर्थः ‘in śrāddha and the like’

• vigarhitāḥ: condemned, censured
• vigarhitāḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√garh (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Speaker

Narrator (Purāṇic discourse citing Manu as authoritative smṛti)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Manu
• Veda
• Śrāddha

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

This verse does not directly define Ātman; it frames dharma as inner integrity expressed through outer conduct—rejecting the commodification of sacred knowledge, which supports purity of intention (bhāva-śuddhi) essential for spiritual realization.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific yogic technique is taught here; the verse emphasizes dharmic discipline (yama-like restraint) by forbidding livelihood-based commercialization of Vedic rites, a moral foundation that the Kurma Purana treats as supportive of higher yoga and devotion.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

The verse is primarily a dharma injunction and does not explicitly discuss Shiva–Vishnu unity; indirectly, it aligns with the Purana’s synthesis by upholding a shared standard of sacredness—Vedic and devotional acts are not to be treated as commodities, regardless of sectarian form.