Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 10
Chapter 366 — सामान्यनामलिङ्गानि
Common Noun-Forms and Their Grammatical Genders
स्याज्जल्पकस्तु वाचालो वाचाटो बहुगर्ह्यवाक् अपध्वस्तो धिक्कृतः स्याद्बद्धे कीलितसंयतौ
syājjalpakastu vācālo vācāṭo bahugarhyavāk apadhvasto dhikkṛtaḥ syādbaddhe kīlitasaṃyatau
ଅଧିକ କଥା କହୁଥିବାକୁ ‘ଜଲ୍ପକ’, ‘ବାଚାଳ’ କିମ୍ବା ‘ବାଚାଟ’ କୁହାଯାଏ—ଯାହାର ବାକ୍ୟ ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନିନ୍ଦନୀୟ। ଯେ ଅପମାନିତ/କଳଙ୍କିତ ସେ ‘ଅପଧ୍ୱସ୍ତ’ କିମ୍ବା ‘ଧିକ୍କୃତ’। ଯେ ବନ୍ଧିତ/ନିୟନ୍ତ୍ରିତ ତାହା ପାଇଁ ‘କୀଲିତ’ ଓ ‘ସଂୟତ’ ଶବ୍ଦ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ।
Lord Agni (traditional Agni Purana narrator) to sage Vasiṣṭha
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Vyakarana","practical_application":"Provides synonym sets for social/rhetorical characterization (chatterer, disgraced, bound/restrained), enabling nuanced portrayal in kavya and precise glossing in exegesis.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Synonyms: chatterer; disgraced; bound/restrained","lookup_keywords":["jalpaka","vācāla","apadhvasta","dhikkṛta","saṃyata"],"quick_summary":"Groups common labels for a talkative person, a disgraced person, and one who is restrained/bound—useful for selecting exact connotation in literary and legal-moral contexts."}
Concept: Speech-discipline and social consequence: blameworthy talk leads to censure; restraint is a valued state.
Application: In conduct and debate, reduce jalpa (idle talk), avoid harsh/blameworthy speech, and cultivate saṃyama (restraint).
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra / Vyakarana-Kosha (Synonyms and lexicography)
Primary Rasa: adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: hāsya
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A poet annotates a manuscript with synonym columns: jalpaka/vācāla/vācāṭa; apadhvasta/dhikkṛta; kīlita/saṃyata; nearby, a chatterer gesticulates, a disgraced man bows his head, and a restrained person sits bound or self-controlled.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural, three vignette panels: noisy chatterer, shamed figure with lowered gaze, calm restrained ascetic with tied cloth belt symbolizing saṃyama; scholar writing synonyms on palm leaf.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting, central scribe with gold-highlighted manuscript, three side scenes with ornate framing, emphasis on moral contrast between garrulity and restraint, gold embossing.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore painting, clean instructional triptych with labels in Devanagari, expressive but gentle faces, focus on didactic clarity.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature, courtly setting: verbose courtier, censured man before elders, disciplined guard/ascetic in restraint; marginal notes showing synonym lists."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Shankarabharanam","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: स्याज्जल्पकः = स्यात् जल्पकः; स्याद्बद्धे = स्यात् बद्धे; धिक्कृतः = धिक् कृतः
Related Themes: Agni Purana Sahitya-shastra: doṣas of speech and poet’s propriety (aucitya); Agni Purana Dharmic passages on saṃyama (restraint) (general internal thematic link)
FAQs
It imparts kośa/nighaṇṭu-vidyā (lexicographic knowledge): precise Sanskrit synonyms for types of speech (chatter, blameworthy speech) and states like disgrace and restraint—useful for composition, interpretation, and formal discourse.
Alongside ritual, polity, medicine, and warfare, the Agni Purana also preserves linguistic tools—synonym lists and technical vocabulary—supporting poetry (kāvya), grammar (vyākaraṇa), and accurate exegesis, thereby functioning as a multi-disciplinary reference.
By distinguishing censurable speech and praising restraint (saṃyama), it implicitly supports dharma: controlling harmful speech and cultivating disciplined conduct, which are traditionally seen as purifying and merit-producing.