Rig Veda 2.25.1 — Mandala 2, Sukta 25, Mantra 1

Sukta 2.25

Rishi: Gṛtsamada (traditional ascription)

Devata: Brahmaṇaspati (with Agni as invoked instrument)

Chandas: Jagatī (probable for RV 2.25 refrain structure; confirm by metrical count)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

इन्धानो अग्निं वनवद्वनुष्यतः कृतब्रह्मा शूशुवद्रातहव्य इत् । जातेन जातमति स प्र सर्सृते यंयं युजं कृणुते ब्रह्मणस्पतिः ॥

Transliteration

índhāno agníṃ vanavad vanuṣyatáḥ kṛtá-brahmā śūśuvad rātá-havya ít | jāténa jātám áti sá prá sarsṛte yaṃ-yáṃ yújaṃ kṛṇuté bráhmaṇas-pátiḥ ||

Translation

Kindling Agni, he wins for the worshipper; having fashioned the Word, he grows intense, one whose offering is accepted. By what is born he overpasses what is born; he moves forward, and makes each and every yoke-fellow—Brahmaṇaspati, who joins the powers for the work.

Word by Word

• इन्धानः: kindling, being kindled; blazing
• इन्धानः: कर्तृ (अग्निः/ब्रह्मणस्पतिः के विशेषणरूपेण)
• Type: Participle (Adjective)
• Root: इन्ध् (धातु) / इन्धान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)

• अग्निम्: Agni (fire)
• अग्निम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• वनवत्: like a forest; forest-like (abundantly)
• वनवत्: क्रियाविशेषण (रीतिवाचकः)
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: वनवत् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘वन’ + वत्)

• वनुष्यतः: of the desiring/striving (worshipper)
• वनुष्यतः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी)
• Type: Participle/Adjective
• Root: वनुष्यत् (प्रातिपदिक; √वन्/वनुष् ‘to desire, seek, win’ से)

• कृतब्रह्मा: having performed/formed the sacred formulation (hymn/rite)
• कृतब्रह्मा: कर्तृ (स्तुतिकर्ता/यजमानः के विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: कृत (√कृ) + ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)

• शूशुवत्: has strengthened; has made vigorous
• शूशुवत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √शु/श्वि (शूशुव्—वेदिक परिपूर्ण/आवृत्त रूप)

• रातहव्यः: whose oblation is given/offered
• रातहव्यः: कर्तृ (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective (compound)
• Root: रात (√रा ‘to give’) + हव्य (प्रातिपदिक)

• इत्: indeed; just
• इत्: सम्बन्ध/बलवर्धक (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (निपात)

• जातेन: by what is born; with the born (power)
• जातेन: करण (means/instrument: ‘by/with what is born’)
• Type: Noun/Participle used substantively
• Root: जात (√जन्)

• जातम्: the born (one/thing)
• जातम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun/Participle used substantively
• Root: जात (√जन्)

• अति: over; beyond
• अति: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb/preposition)
• Root: अति

• सः: he
• सः: कर्तृ
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)

• प्र: forth; forward
• प्र: क्रियाविशेषण
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb)
• Root: प्र

• सर्सृते: moves/flows forth; hastens
• सर्सृते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सृ (सर्/सर्सृ—वेदिक आवृत्त/तीव्रगमन रूप)

• यम्: whom
• यम्: कर्म (यम्…युजम्—यः युजः)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• यम्: whom (each whom)
• यम्: कर्म
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम)

• युजम्: a yoked companion; ally
• युजम्: कर्म (यम्…युजम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युज् (प्रातिपदिक; ‘yoke/companion/ally’)

• कृणुते: makes; fashions
• कृणुते: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ

• ब्रह्मणस्पतिः: Brahmaṇaspati (Lord of sacred speech/prayer)
• ब्रह्मणस्पतिः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun (proper)
• Root: ब्रह्मणस् + पति (प्रातिपदिक; देवता-नाम)