Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 57, Shloka 25

प्रहस्तनिर्याणम्

Prahasta’s Departure and the Muster of the Rakshasa Host

Devanagari script

अथामन्त्ऱ्यतुराजानंभेरीमाहत्यभैरवाम् ।आरुरोहरथंयुक्तःप्रहस्तस्सज्जकल्पितम् ।।।।हयैर्महाजवैर्युक्तंसम्यक्सूतसुसंयतम् ।महाजलदनिर्घोषंसाक्षाच्चन्द्रार्कभास्वरम् ।।।।उरगध्वजदुर्धर्षंसुवरूथंस्ववस्करम् ।सुवर्णजालसंयुक्तंप्रहसन्तमिवश्रिया ।।।।

Transliteration

athāmantṛya tu rājānaṃ bherīm āhatya bhairavām |

āruroha rathaṃ yuktaḥ prahastaḥ sajja-kalpitam ||

hayair mahājavair yuktaṃ samyak-sūta-su-saṃyatam |

mahājalada-nirghoṣaṃ sākṣāc candra-arka-bhāsvaram ||

uraga-dhvaja-durdharṣaṃ suvarūthaṃ sva-vaskaram |

suvarṇa-jāla-saṃyuktaṃ prahasantam iva śriyā ||

Translation

ထို့နောက် မင်းထံမှ ခွင့်တောင်းလျက် ကြောက်မက်ဖွယ် စစ်ဗေရီတီးသံများကို တီးခတ်စေပြီး၊ ပရဟස්ထသည် စစ်အတွက် ပြင်ဆင်ပြီးသား ရထားတော်ပေါ်သို့ တက်ရောက်စီးနင်း하였다—အလွန်လျင်မြန်သော မြင်းများဖြင့် ချိတ်ဆက်ထားပြီး ကျွမ်းကျင်သော ရထားမောင်းကောင်းကောင်း ထိန်းချုပ်ထားသည်; မဟာမိုးတိမ်၏ မိုးကြိုးသံကဲ့သို့ ဟိန်းဟောက်၍ နေနှင့် လကဲ့သို့ တောက်ပလင်းလက်; အလံပေါ်တွင် မြွေသင်္ကေတရှိ၍ တိုက်ခိုက်ရန် ခက်ခဲကာ ကာရံတန်းများနှင့် အစောင့်အရှောက်များဖြင့် ကာကွယ်ထားသည်; ရွှေကွန်ယက်ဖြင့် အလှဆင်ထားသဖြင့် ဂုဏ်ရောင်ခြည်ဖြင့် ရယ်မောနေသကဲ့သို့ ထင်ရှား하였다။

Word by Word

• अथ: then
• अथ: Anantarya (अनन्तर्य)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atha (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (discourse particle)

• आमन्त्र्य: having taken leave of
• आमन्त्र्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: mantr (धातु; ā-√mantr)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having taken leave/asked permission’

• तु: indeed/and
• तु: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (particle)

• राजानम्: the king
• राजानम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• भेरीम्: kettledrum
• भेरीम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bherī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आहत्य: having beaten
• आहत्य: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: han (धातु; ā-√han)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund), ‘having struck/beaten’

• भैरवाम्: terrific, fearsome
• भैरवाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhairava (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; भेरीम् इति विशेषण

• आरुरोह: mounted, ascended
• आरुरोह: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ruh (धातु; ā-√ruh)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ratha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• युक्तः: prepared/yoked
• युक्तः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; प्रहस्तः इति विशेषण (having been yoked/ready)

• प्रहस्तः: Prahastha
• प्रहस्तः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prahasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• सज्जकल्पितम्: fully equipped and made ready
• सज्जकल्पितम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sajja + kalpita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय; क्त (PPP) ‘kalpita’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• हयैः: with horses
• हयैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: haya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• महाजवैः: very swift
• महाजवैः: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + java (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय, पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; हयैः इति विशेषण

• युक्तम्: yoked, harnessed
• युक्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: yuj (धातु)
• Form: क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• सम्यक्: properly
• सम्यक्: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: samyak (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• सूतसुसंयतम्: well-controlled by the charioteer
• सूतसुसंयतम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sūta + su-saṃyata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (सूतैः सुसंयतम्), क्त (PPP) ‘saṃyata’, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• महाजलदनिर्घोषम्: roaring like a great cloud
• महाजलदनिर्घोषम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: mahā + jalada + nirghoṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (महाजलदस्य निर्घोष इव), पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• साक्षात्: as if, just like
• साक्षात्: Upamā-viśeṣaṇa (उपमाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sākṣāt (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable; ‘directly/just like’)

• चन्द्रार्कभास्वरम्: shining like the moon and sun
• चन्द्रार्कभास्वरम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: candra + arka + bhāsvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वन्द्व (चन्द्र+अर्क) पूर्वपद, तत्पुरुषसमाससमूह; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• उरगध्वजदुर्धर्षम्: serpent-bannered and hard to overpower
• उरगध्वजदुर्धर्षम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uraga-dhvaja + durdharṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमूह; उरगध्वज (कर्मधारय: ‘serpent-bannered’) + दुर्धर्ष, पुं/नपुंसक, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• सुवरूथम्: well-protected, well-fenced
• सुवरूथम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: su + varūtha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• स्ववस्करम्: having its own protective fittings
• स्ववस्करम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva + vaskara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• सुवर्णजालसंयुक्तम्: adorned with a net of gold
• सुवर्णजालसंयुक्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: suvarṇa + jāla + saṃyukta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (सुवर्णजालेन संयुक्तम्), क्त (PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• प्रहसन्तम्: as if laughing
• प्रहसन्तम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: has (धातु; pra-√has)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present active participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; रथम् इति विशेषण

• इव: as if
• इव: Upamā-dyotaka (उपमाद्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (simile particle)

• श्रिया: with splendour
• श्रिया: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; हेतु/सह (with splendour)

Context

Wearing bows and shields, looking at and greeting the king Ravana, they swiftly surrounded Prahastha.

Characters & Entities

• Prahastha
• Rāvaṇa
• war-drums (bherī)
• chariot (ratha)
• horses (haya)
• charioteer (sūta)
• sun (arka)
• moon (candra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

The verse contrasts outer magnificence with inner moral direction: grandeur, power, and ritualized warfare do not establish dharma; righteousness depends on satya (truth) and just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Prahastha formally departs after acknowledging Rāvaṇa, drums are sounded, and he rides out in an imposing, richly adorned war-chariot.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Martial confidence and command presence—though the epic’s ethical arc warns that splendor without dharma leads to downfall.