Shloka 20

अमात्य-गुणवर्णनम्

The Virtues of Daśaratha’s Ministers and the Order of Governance

Devanagari script

अवेक्षमाणश्चारेण प्रजा धर्मेण रञ्जयन् ।प्रजानां पालनं कुर्वन्नधर्मान्परिवर्जयन् ।।1.7.19।। विश्रुतस्त्रिषु लोकेषु वदान्यस्सत्यसङ्गर: ।स तत्र पुरुषव्याघ्रश्शशास पृथिवीमिमाम् ।।1.7.20।।

Transliteration

avekṣamāṇaś cāreṇa prajā dharmeṇa rañjayan |

prajānāṃ pālanaṃ kurvann adharmān parivarjayan ||

viśrutas triṣu lokeṣu vadānyaḥ satyasaṅgaraḥ |

sa tatra puruṣavyāghraḥ śaśāsa pṛthivīm imām ||

Translation

သူသည် သံတမန်နှင့် စုံထောက်တို့ဖြင့် စောင့်ကြည့်ကာ ပြည်သူကို ကာကွယ်ပေး၍ ဓမ္မဖြင့် ပြည်သူကို ပျော်ရွှင်စေပြီး အဓမ္မကို ရှောင်ကြဉ်하였다။ လောကသုံးပါး၌ စေတနာကောင်းသော ဒါနရှင်၊ သစ္စာ၌ မတုန်မလှုပ်သူဟု ကျော်ကြားပြီး၊ လူတို့အနက် ကျားတော်တူသော မင်းသည် အယောဓျာ၌ ဤမြေပြင်ကို ရာဇဓမ္မအတိုင်း အုပ်ချုပ်하였다။

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• निश्चिताम्: firm/decided
• निश्चिताम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नि-चित (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त from √चि)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying मतिम्)

• मतिम्: intention/mind
• मतिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म

• कृत्वा: having made
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) = having done

• यष्टव्यम्: should be sacrificed
• यष्टव्यम्: Vidhi (विधि/obligation)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √यज् (धातु)
• Form: तव्यत्-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (gerundive/future passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; विधेय (ought to be done)

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: उक्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)

• बुद्धिमान्: wise
• बुद्धिमान्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बुद्धिमत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण; मतुप्-प्रत्ययान्त

• मन्त्रिभिः: with ministers
• मन्त्रिभिः: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्त्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; सह/करण

• सह: together with
• सह: Sahartha (सहार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह (अव्यय)
• Form: सहार्थक-अव्यय (preposition-like: with)

• धर्मात्मा: righteous-souled
• धर्मात्मा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्म-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि = 'धर्मः आत्मा यस्य'

• सर्वैः: by all
• सर्वैः: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying कृतात्मभिः)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle: indeed/just)

• कृतात्मभिः: by self-controlled (ones)
• कृतात्मभिः: Sahakari (सहकारी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृत-आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; बहुव्रीहि = 'कृतः आत्मा (संयतः) येषाम्'

• ततः: then
• ततः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: काल/क्रमवाचक-अव्यय (then/thereafter)

• अब्रवीत्: said/spoke
• अब्रवीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √ब्रू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• इदम्: this (command)
• इदम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम; कर्म (what was said)

• राजा: the king
• राजा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्ता

• सुमन्त्रम्: Sumantra
• सुमन्त्रम्: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमन्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; कर्म (addressee)

• मन्त्रिसत्तमम्: best of ministers
• मन्त्रिसत्तमम्: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मन्त्रि-सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying सुमन्त्रम्)

• शीघ्रम्: quickly
• शीघ्रम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: शीघ्रम् (अव्यय)
• Form: रीतिवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: quickly)

• आनय: bring
• आनय: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√नी (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (Imperative), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

• मे: for me
• मे: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी-एकवचन रूप (enclitic) = मम/मह्यम्; अत्र चतुर्थ्यर्थे (for me)

• सर्वान्: all
• सर्वान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying गुरून्)

• गुरून्: elders/preceptors
• गुरून्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; कर्म

• तान्: those
• तान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम-विशेषण (those)

• सपुरोहितान्: together with priests
• सपुरोहितान्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स-पुरोहित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying गुरून्)

Context

Accompanied by the ministers who were devoted to his welfare, adept in counselling, skilful, capable and loyal towards him, the king acquired glory like the rising Sun with luminous rays.ityārṣē śrīmadrāmāyaṇē vālmīkīya ādikāvyē bālakāṇḍē saptamassarga: ৷৷Thus ends the seventh sarga of Balakanda of the holy Ramayana the first epic composed by sage Valmiki.

Characters & Entities

• Daśaratha
• three worlds (trailokya)
• earth (pṛthivī)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

A king’s dharma is protective and moral: he must safeguard subjects (pālana), promote righteous living (dharmeṇa rañjayan), and actively avoid adharma; satya (truth) is presented as a binding vow of leadership.

What is the narrative situation?

The narration praises Daśaratha’s rule—his surveillance for security, his commitment to righteous administration, and his fame for generosity and truth.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Satyaniṣṭhā (steadfastness in truth) coupled with protective governance and the rejection of adharma.