Shloka 13

अमात्य-गुणवर्णनम्

The Virtues of Daśaratha’s Ministers and the Order of Governance

Devanagari script

कश्चिन्न दुष्टस्तत्रासीत्परदाररतो नर: ।प्रशान्तं सर्वमेवासीद्राष्ट्रं पुरवरं च तत् ।।।।

Transliteration

kaścin na duṣṭas tatrāsīt paradārarato naraḥ | praśāntaṃ sarvam evāsīd rāṣṭraṃ puravaraṃ ca tat ||

Translation

အဲဒီနိုင်ငံတွင် မကောင်းသူ တစ်ယောက်မျှ မရှိသကဲ့သို့ အခြားသူ၏ ဇနီးကို လိုလားတပ်မက်သူလည်း မရှိခဲ့ပေ။ နိုင်ငံတစ်ဝှမ်းလုံးနှင့် ထူးမြတ်သော မြို့တော်ကြီးသည် အလုံးစုံ ငြိမ်းချမ်း၍ စနစ်တကျ ရှိနေခဲ့၏။

Word by Word

• कश्चित्: anyone (even one)
• कश्चित्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + चित् (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; अनिश्चितवाचक-सर्वनाम (indefinite pronoun: someone/anyone)

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्ययम्

• दुष्टः: wicked
• दुष्टः: कर्ता (as predicate adjective of ‘कश्चित्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्ट (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: अधिकरण (Adverbial locus)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक-अव्ययम् (there)

• आसीत्: was/existed
• आसीत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• परदाररतः: fond of others’ wives
• परदाररतः: कर्ता (as qualifier of ‘नरः/कश्चित्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर + दार + रत (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (परस्य दारेषु रतः)

• नरः: a man
• नरः: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रशान्तम्: peaceful
• प्रशान्तम्: कर्ता (predicate adjective with ‘सर्वम्’)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रशान्त (प्रातिपदिक; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; अत्र प्रथमा—‘सर्वम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• सर्वम्: everything
• सर्वम्: कर्ता
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘everything’

• एव: indeed
• एव: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्ययम् (emphatic particle: indeed/only)

• आसीत्: was
• आसीत्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• राष्ट्रम्: the kingdom
• राष्ट्रम्: कर्ता (appositional within ‘सर्वम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘kingdom’ (as part of ‘सर्वम्’)

• पुरवरम्: the best city
• पुरवरम्: कर्ता (co-ordinate with ‘राष्ट्रम्’)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुर + वर (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—कर्मधारयः (वरं पुरम्)

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction: and)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्ता (deictic qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; निर्देशक-सर्वनाम (that)

Context

In that kingdom no one was wicked or enamoured of others' wives. Serenity prevailed over the entire kingdom including the city of excellence.

Characters & Entities

• Kingdom (rāṣṭra)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Maryādā (moral boundaries) and self-restraint uphold social peace; fidelity and the rejection of exploitation are foundations of a tranquil state.

What is the narrative situation?

The narrator emphasizes the kingdom’s serenity by noting the absence of both criminal wickedness and sexual misconduct.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Self-control and respect for others’ households—ethical restraint as a civic virtue.