Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 82, Shloka 13

Adhyaya 82 — The Rise of Mahishasura and the Manifestation of the Goddess from the Gods’ Tejas

Sanskrit

यदभूच्छाम्भवं तेजस्तेनाजाय तन्मुखम् । याम्येन चाभवन् केशा बहवो विष्णुतेजसा ॥

Transliteration

yad abhūc chāmbhavaṃ tejas tenājāyata tan-mukham / yāmyena cābhavan keśā bahavo viṣṇutejasā

Translation

ရှာမ္ဘဝ (ရှီဝ၏) တေဇောရောင်ခြည်သည် သူမ၏ မျက်နှာဖြစ်လာ하였다။ ယမ၏ အင်အားကြောင့် သူမ၏ ဆံပင်အစုအဝေးများ ပေါ်ထွန်းလာပြီး၊ ဗိෂ္ဏု၏ အင်အားဖြင့်လည်း ထိုဆံပင်တို့ကို အလှဆင်၍ ဖွဲ့စည်းပေး하였다။

Word by Word

• यत्: that which
• यत्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धे (relative pronoun: 'that which')

• अभूत्: was, became
• अभूत्: क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• शाम्भवम्: Śiva’s
• शाम्भवम्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाम्भव (शम्भु-सम्बन्धि, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तेजः-विशेषण (pertaining to Śambhu/Śiva)

• तेजः: radiance
• तेजः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तेन: by that
• तेन: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण (instrumental: 'by that')

• अजायत: was born, arose
• अजायत: क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √जन् (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम् (अजायत)

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; मुखम्-विशेषण

• मुखम्: face
• मुखम्: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तृ-स्थान (subject complement in context: 'the face arose')

• याम्येन: by the southern (Yama’s)
• याम्येन: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: याम्य (यम-सम्बन्धि, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; करण (by the southern/Yama-related [radiance])

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• अभवन्: became
• अभवन्: क्रिया (Verb/आख्यात)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/past), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• केशाः: hairs
• केशाः: कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: केश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: कर्ता-विशेषण (Subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; केशाः-विशेषण

• विष्णु-तेजसा: by Viṣṇu’s radiance
• विष्णु-तेजसा: करण (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक) + तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः: 'विष्णोः तेजसा' (by Viṣṇu’s radiance)

Speakers

• Rishi narrator

Primary Deities

• Devi
• Shiva
• Yama
• Vishnu

Shakti Aspects

• Devī’s iconographic formation (aṅga-praty-aṅga) from deities’ tejas; Devī as Chandikā/Durgā in making

Key Themes

• Iconography
• Theology of energies
• Unity of deities in Devī
• Embodied divinity

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Devī is not a rival to the gods but their integrated potency; divine functions collaborate within a single embodiment to address adharma.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Carita—specifically, the ‘manifestation and description’ segment typical of Purāṇic battle cycles.

What is the esoteric significance?

Face symbolizes consciousness and presence; hair often symbolizes time, fate, and power’s expansiveness. The association with Yama and Vishnu suggests mastery over mortality/order and sustaining intelligence within the Devī’s very form.