Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 75, Shloka 16

Adhyaya 75 — The Fall and Restoration of Revatī Nakṣatra and the Birth of Raivata Manu

Sanskrit

गर्भाधानविधानॆन न काममनुरुध्यता ।

पुत्रार्थं जनितश्चायं पुन्नाम्नो बिभ्यता मुने ॥

Transliteration

garbhādhāna-vidhānena na kāmam anurudhyatā /

putrārthaṃ janitaś cāyaṃ pun-nāmno bibhyatā mune

Translation

သတ်မှတ်ထားသော သန္ဓေတည်ပွဲ (garbhādhāna) အခမ်းအနားအတိုင်း၊ ကာမလိုလားမှုကို လိုက်မသွားဘဲ၊ ဤသားကို “သားရှိရန်” ဟူသော ရည်ရွယ်ချက်ဖြင့် မွေးဖွားစေခဲ့သည်—‘ပုတ်’ ဟုခေါ်သော နရကကို ကြောက်ရွံ့ခြင်းကြောင့်ပင်၊ အရှင်ရသီ။

Word by Word

• garbhādhāna-vidhānena: by the rite/procedure of conception
• garbhādhāna-vidhānena: Karaṇa (करण/instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: garbhādhāna (प्रातिपदिक) + vidhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (neut.), तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (garbhādhānasya vidhānam)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय

• kāmam: desire/pleasure
• kāmam: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• anurudhyatā: (I) did not pursue/comply with desire
• anurudhyatā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: anu-rudh (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘अनुरुध्यत’ = complied with/followed (here: pursued)

• putra-artham: for the sake of a son
• putra-artham: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/purpose)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक) + artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्ययीभावः; द्वितीया-एकवचन-रूपेण अव्ययवत् (for the sake of a son)

• janitaḥ: was begotten/born
• janitaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: jan (धातु) + kta (कृत्)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘born/produced’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• ayam: this (one)
• ayam: Karta (कर्ता/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन

• punnāmnaḥ: of Punnāman (hell)
• punnāmnaḥ: Apādāna/Hetu (अपादान/हेतु: cause of fear)
• Type: Noun
• Root: punnāman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग-प्रयोग (as name), षष्ठी विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन; ‘पुन्नाम्नः’ = of (the hell called) Punnāman

• bibhyatā: (he) fears
• bibhyatā: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhī (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘बिभ्यति’ (here written bibhyatā) = fears

• mune: O sage
• mune: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन विभक्ति, एकवचन

Speakers

• Ṛtavāk (continuing)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Saṃskāras
• Pitri Puja
• Gṛhastha duties

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Procreation is framed as saṃskāra-governed dharma aimed at ancestral welfare, not mere pleasure; yet the narrative problematizes the assumption that ‘having a son’ automatically fulfills pitṛ-duty.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma/saṃskāra teaching; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘Put’ etymology encodes fear-based religiosity; the text invites a deeper view where inner virtue (guṇa/ācāra) matters more than ritualized biological continuity.