Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 59, Shloka 16

Adhyaya 59 — Cosmic Geography and Yuga-Order: Bhadrashva, Ketumala, and the Northern Kuru Region

Sanskrit

अत्राप्यायुḥ समं पूर्वैरत्रापि भगवान् हरिः ।

वराहरूपी पादास्यहृत्पृष्ठपार्श्वतस्तथा ॥

Transliteration

atrāpyāyuḥ samaṃ pūrvairatrāpi bhagavān hariḥ | varāharūpī pādāsyahṛtpṛṣṭhapārśvatastathā ||

Translation

ဤနေရာ၌လည်း အသက်တမ်းသည် အရှေ့ဒေသနှင့် တူညီသည်။ ဤနေရာ၌လည်း ဘဂဝန် ဟရိ (Bhagavān Hari) သည် ဝရာဟ (Varāha) အဖြစ်—ခြေ၊ ပါးစပ်၊ နှလုံး၊ ကျောနှင့် ဘေးဖက်တို့အဖြစ် ထင်ရှားစွာ တည်ရှိတော်မူသည်။

Word by Word

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb of place (देशवाचक)

• api: also
• api: Emphasis (निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात): 'also'

• āyuḥ: lifespan
• āyuḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āyus (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• samam: equal; the same
• samam: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Napumsaka (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); used adverbially (क्रियाविशेषणवत्) with implied 'bhavati'

• pūrvaiḥ: with the former ones
• pūrvaiḥ: Karaṇa/Comparison (करण/तुलना)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); comparative reference 'with the former/earlier (people)'

• atra: here
• atra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: atra (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb of place (देशवाचक)

• api: also
• api: Emphasis (निपातार्थ)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (निपात): 'also'

• bhagavān: the Blessed Lord
• bhagavān: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhagavat (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• hariḥ: Hari (Viṣṇu)
• hariḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• varāha-rūpī: in the form of a boar
• varāha-rūpī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: varāha (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) 'varāhasya rūpaṃ yasya' = 'having the form of a boar'

• pāda-āsya-hṛt-pṛṣṭha-pārśvataḥ: from (his) feet, mouth, heart, back, and sides
• pāda-āsya-hṛt-pṛṣṭha-pārśvataḥ: Apādāna/Adverbial (अपादान/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक) + āsya (प्रातिपदिक) + hṛt (प्रातिपदिक) + pṛṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक) + pārśva (प्रातिपदिक) + tas (तस् अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय) formed with -tas (तस्) meaning 'from/at the side of'; dvandva base (द्वन्द्व) of body-parts: 'from the feet, mouth, heart, back, and sides'

• tathā: thus; likewise
• tathā: Adverbial (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), adverb (क्रियाविशेषण): 'thus/also'

Speakers

• Frame narrator (Purāṇic rishi voice) linking geography with Viṣṇu’s cosmic form

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Hari (Viṣṇu)
• Varāha

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Vaishnava Theology
• Avatar Doctrine
• Sacred Geography

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Divinity is not confined to heaven or temple; Hari pervades regions through specific forms. The equal lifespan motif underscores cosmic regularity and the law-like structure of creation.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna (placement/presence of the deity in regions) and a theological overlay often embedded in cosmography.

What is the esoteric significance?

The partitioning into ‘feet, mouth, heart, back, sides’ suggests a cosmic-body mapping: the world-regions correspond to limbs of the divine, implying that spatial order mirrors a sacred anatomy.