Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 57, Shloka 34

Adhyaya 57 — The Ninefold Divisions of Bharata: Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Sanskrit

सह्यस्य चोत्तरे या तु यत्र गोदावरी नदी ।

पृथिव्यामपि कृतस्त्रायां स प्रदेशो मनोरमः ॥

Transliteration

sahyasya cottare yā tu yatra godāvarī nadī /

pṛthivyām api kṛtastrāyāṃ sa pradeśo manoramaḥ //

Translation

ဆဟျာ တောင်တန်း၏ မြောက်ဘက်တွင်၊ ဂိုဒာဝရီ မြစ်ရှိရာ အပိုင်းအခြားသည် အလွန်နှစ်သက်ဖွယ်ကောင်းသည်—ကမ္ဘာမြေပေါ်တွင် လှပစွာ ဖန်တီးထားသော မြေပြင်တစ်ခုကဲ့သို့။

Word by Word

• sahyasya: of Sahya (the Sahya mountains)
• sahyasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sahya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular; ‘of the Sahya (mountain range)’

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction

• uttare: to the north (in the northern part)
• uttare: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; (masc/neut) used adverbially ‘to the north/ in the northern part’

• yā: which
• yā: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; relative pronoun referring to (nadī)

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) marking contrast/emphasis

• yatra: where
• yatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yatra (अव्यय)
• Form: Relative adverb (देशवाचक अव्यय) ‘where’

• godāvarī: Godāvarī
• godāvarī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: godāvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; river name

• nadī: river
• nadī: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nadī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular; apposition to godāvarī

• pṛthivyām: on the earth
• pṛthivyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pṛthivī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• api: also
• api: Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्धबोधक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात) ‘also/even’

• kṛtastrāyām: in an artificial channel/bed
• kṛtastrāyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛta (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त) + strī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular; ‘in the made/constructed bed/channel’ (lit. ‘in the made strā/bed’)

• saḥ: that
• saḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; demonstrative pronoun referring to pradeśaḥ

• pradeśaḥ: region
• pradeśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pradeśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• manoramaḥ: delightful
• manoramaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: manorama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; adjective qualifying pradeśaḥ

Speakers

• Catalogue narration (speaker not determinable from excerpt alone)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sacred landscape
• Regional praise
• Godavari basin

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A dhārmic geography is also aesthetic: fertile river-regions are praised as gifts to be protected and inhabited with righteous conduct.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Deśa-varṇana (regional description), not a direct pancalakṣaṇa element.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘delightful region’ near a great river can symbolize the inner country of sattva—where the life-current (prāṇa, like a river) is steady and nourishing.