Shloka 79

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

वृक्षच्छायाश्रयां रात्रावथवा त्रिचतुष्पथे ।

श्मशानकटभूमिष्ठामुत्तरीयविवर्जिताम् ॥

Transliteration

vṛkṣacchāyāśrayāṃ rātrāv athavā tricatuṣpathe | śmaśāna-kaṭabhūmiṣṭhām uttarīya-vivarjitām ||

Translation

မိန်းမတစ်ဦးသည် ညအချိန်တွင် သစ်ပင်အရိပ်အကာအောက်၌ သို့မဟုတ် လမ်းဆုံသုံးလမ်း၊ လေးလမ်း၌ လဲလျောင်းနေခြင်း၊ သို့မဟုတ် သင်္ချိုင်းမြေတောမြက်ပေါက်ရာ၌ တည်နေခြင်း၊ ထို့ပြင် အပေါ်ဝတ်အင်္ကျီမပါခြင်း—ဤအခြေအနေကို ဤနေရာတွင် အန္တရာယ်/မင်္ဂလာမရှိဟု ဆို၏။

Word by Word

• वृक्षच्छायाश्रयाम्: one who has taken refuge in the shade of a tree
• वृक्षच्छायाश्रयाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + छाया (प्रातिपदिक) + आश्रय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (वृक्षस्य छाया = वृक्षच्छाया; तस्य आश्रयः = वृक्षच्छायाश्रय); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण (स्त्रियम्)

• रात्रौ: at night
• रात्रौ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रात्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• अथवा: or
• अथवा: Vikalpa (विकल्प)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अथवा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय (or)

• त्रिचतुष्पथे: at a three-/four-way crossroads
• त्रिचतुष्पथे: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + चतुष्पथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्विगुसमास (त्रि + चतुष्पथ); पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन; स्थानाधिकरण

• श्मशानकटभूमिष्ठाम्: standing/lying on the ground of a cemetery thicket
• श्मशानकटभूमिष्ठाम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्मशान (प्रातिपदिक) + कट (प्रातिपदिक) + भूमि (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (श्मशान-कट-भूमौ स्थिता); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

• उत्तरीयविवर्जिताम्: deprived of an upper garment
• उत्तरीयविवर्जिताम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत्तरीय (प्रातिपदिक) + विवर्जित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुषसमास (उत्तरीयेन विवर्जिता = without an upper garment); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; विशेषण

Speakers

• Not explicit; prescriptive warning list

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Protective conduct
• Liminal spaces (crossroads/śmaśāna)
• Ritual vulnerability

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse encodes a safety-and-sanctity ethic: avoid liminal, socially and ritually charged spaces at night and maintain modest/protective coverings—framed as reducing exposure to harm and inauspicious influences.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra and protective dharma; not pañcalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Crossroads and cremation grounds symbolize thresholds where ordinary order dissolves. The instruction indicates guarding one’s prāṇa and mind when boundaries are ‘thin’—a common motif in ritual cultures.