Shloka 23

Adhyaya 49 — Primordial Human Creation, the Rise of Desire, and the Origins of Settlements, Measures, and Agriculture

Sanskrit

अनिच्छाद्वेषसंयुक्ता वर्तन्ते तु परस्परम् ।

तुल्यरूपायुषः सर्वा अधमोत्तमताṃ विना ॥

Transliteration

anicchādveṣasaṃyuktā vartante tu parasparam /

tulyarūpāyuṣaḥ sarvā adhamottamatāṃ vinā

Translation

သူတို့သည် အလိုဆန္ဒနှင့် အမုန်းတရားကင်းစွာ အချင်းချင်းအကြား နေထိုင်ကြ၏။ ရုပ်သဏ္ဌာန်နှင့် အသက်တမ်းတို့တွင် အားလုံးတူညီပြီး အနိမ့်အမြင့် ခွဲခြားမှု မရှိ။

Word by Word

• अनिच्छा-द्वेष-संयुक्ताः: associated with unwillingness and aversion
• अनिच्छा-द्वेष-संयुक्ताः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनिच्छा (प्रातिपदिक) + द्वेष (प्रातिपदिक) + संयुक्त (कृदन्त; √युज्)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle) ‘संयुक्त’; समासः—तत्पुरुष (अनिच्छया द्वेषेण वा संयुक्ताः)

• वर्तन्ते: behave, exist, act
• वर्तन्ते: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विरोध/अवधान-निपात

• परस्परम्: mutually, with one another
• परस्परम्: क्रियाविशेषण (adverbial modifier)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परस्पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb)

• तुल्य-रूप-आयुषः: having equal form and lifespan
• तुल्य-रूप-आयुषः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (subject qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुल्य (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक) + आयुस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; विशेषण; समासः—तत्पुरुष (तुल्यं रूपं च आयुः च येषाम्/यासाम्)

• सर्वाः: all (fem.)
• सर्वाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सर्वनामसदृश-विशेषण

• अधम-उत्तमताम्: inferiority and superiority (status)
• अधम-उत्तमताम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधम (प्रातिपदिक) + उत्तम (प्रातिपदिक) + ता (प्रत्यय; भाव)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; भाववाचक-प्रातिपदिक; समासः—द्वन्द्व (अधमश्च उत्तमश्च → अधमोत्तम) ततः ता

• विना: without
• विना: अपादान-निर्देश (separation/without)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; वियोगार्थक-निपात (without)

Speakers

• Narrative voice within the Purana’s cosmological account

Key Themes

• Equality
• Non-aversion
• Pre-social stratification
• Ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Social conflict is rooted in desire and aversion. Where these are absent, hierarchy and oppression do not arise; the verse sketches a moral anthropology linking inner passions to social inequality.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Pratisarga: description of beings’ nature and society in an early condition of the world.

What is the esoteric significance?

Anicchā-dveṣa resembles a sattvic equilibrium; the ‘no high/low’ motif suggests non-dual sameness before egoic differentiation crystallizes.