Shloka 32

Adhyaya 46 — Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

Sanskrit

ब्रह्मणो दिवसे ब्रह्मन् मनवः स्युश्चतुर्दश ।

भवन्ति भागशस्तेषां सहस्रं तद्विभज्यते ॥

Transliteration

brahmaṇo divase brahman manavaḥ syuś caturdaśa | bhavanti bhāgaśas teṣāṃ sahasraṃ tad vibhajyate ||

Translation

အို ဗြာဟ္မဏာ၊ ဗြဟ္မာ၏ တစ်နေ့တည်းအတွင်း မနု ၁၄ ပါး ရှိသည်။ သူတို့၏ ကာလများကို အပိုင်းအခြားအဖြစ် ခွဲဝေထားပြီး ထိုနေ့ကို အပိုင်း ၁,၀၀၀ အဖြစ် ခွဲထားသည်။

Word by Word

• ब्रह्मणः: of Brahmā
• ब्रह्मणः: सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; Genitive singular

• दिवसे: on (the) day
• दिवसे: अधिकरण (सप्तमी/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; Locative singular

• ब्रह्मन्: O Brahmin (sage)
• ब्रह्मन्: सम्बोधन (Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• मनवः: Manus
• मनवः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; Nominative plural

• स्युः: are (would be)
• स्युः: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; ‘would be/are said to be’

• चतुर्दश: fourteen
• चतुर्दश: विशेषण (Predicate qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्दश (संख्याशब्द/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्याविशेषण; प्रथमा बहुवचनार्थे (indeclinable-like numeral used predicatively)

• भवन्ति: are/occur
• भवन्ति: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन

• भागशः: by portions; in parts
• भागशः: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भागशस् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (सामान्यतः), षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Genitive plural

• सहस्रम्: a thousand
• सहस्रम्: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (1st/2nd), एकवचन; here Nominative singular as total

• तत्: that
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; refers to ‘that (thousand)’

• विभज्यते: is divided
• विभज्यते: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विभज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (Passive)

Speakers

• Cosmological instruction within the Markandeya Purāṇa’s teaching narrative (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Primary Deities

• Brahmā

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Manvantara
• Kalpa
• Time cycles

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Human history is framed as cyclical and governed by vast cosmic measures; this relativizes individual events and encourages steadiness (dhairya) and dharma across changing ages.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Manvantara (the succession and structure of Manu-periods) and, by implication, Sarga/Pratisarga insofar as creation and dissolution recur across Brahmā’s day-night.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘thousand divisions’ alludes to the thousand mahāyugas constituting a kalpa-day; it symbolizes ordered manifestation (ṛta) emerging from measurable time rather than randomness.