Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 46, Shloka 13

Adhyaya 46 — Cosmic Dissolution, the Emergence of Brahma, and the Measures of Time (Yugas, Manvantaras, and Brahma’s Day)

Sanskrit

अत्पन्नः स जगद्योनिरगुणोऽपि रजोगुणम् ।

भुञ्जन् प्रवर्तते सर्गे ब्रह्मत्वं समुपाश्रितः ॥

Transliteration

atpannaḥ sa jagadyonir aguṇo 'pi rajoguṇam | bhuñjan pravartate sarge brahmatvaṃ samupāśritaḥ ||

Translation

ထင်ရှားပေါ်ထွန်းလာပြီးနောက်၊ သူသည် လောက၏ မိခင်အုံ/အရင်းအမြစ် ဖြစ်လာသည်။ ဂုဏသုံးပါးကို ကျော်လွန်သော်လည်း ရဇတ် (rajas) ကို ပါဝင်ယူကာ ဖန်ဆင်းမှု၌ ရှေ့ဆက်သွားပြီး၊ ဗြဟ္မာ အခြေအနေကို ခံယူသည်။

Word by Word

• उत्पन्नः: arisen/produced
• उत्पन्नः: कर्ता (Karta/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत् + पद् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (past participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• जगद्योनिः: source/womb of the world
• जगद्योनिः: कर्ता (Karta/Predicate nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् + योनि (प्रातिपदिक-द्वय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (jagataḥ yoniḥ)

• अगुणः: without qualities
• अगुणः: कर्ता (Karta/Predicate adjective)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + गुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; नञ्-समास/नकारार्थ (negation)

• अपि: even/though
• अपि: सम्बन्ध/निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (concessive particle)

• रजोगुणम्: the rajas quality
• रजोगुणम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रजस् + गुण (प्रातिपदिक-द्वय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय (rajo-guṇaḥ)

• भुञ्जन्: enjoying/partaking
• भुञ्जन्: कर्ता (Karta/Agent, concomitant action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान-कृदन्त (present active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• प्रवर्तते: proceeds/acts
• प्रवर्तते: क्रिया (Verb/Action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र + वृत् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• सर्गे: in creation
• सर्गे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• ब्रह्मत्वम्: Brahmā-hood/state of Brahmā
• ब्रह्मत्वम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; भाव (state/condition)

• समुपाश्रितः: having resorted to/assumed
• समुपाश्रितः: कर्ता (Karta/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + उप + आ + श्रि (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

Speakers

• Not specified in input.

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Brahmā (as a function assumed by the supreme principle)

Key Themes

• Guṇas and divine functions
• Sarga (creation)
• Transcendence and immanence

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text reconciles transcendence with cosmic governance: the supreme is “aguṇa” in essence yet can operate through guṇas for worldly processes. This supports devotional theism without denying metaphysical transcendence.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: it explicitly describes the commencement of creation through rajas and the Brahmā-function.

What is the esoteric significance?

Rajas symbolizes the projecting power that turns potentiality into structured experience; the ‘assumption of Brahmāhood’ indicates a role-based manifestation rather than an ultimate division in the divine.