Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 34, Shloka 26

Adhyaya 34 — Madālāsā’s Instruction on Sadācāra (Householder Conduct, Purity, and Daily Rites)

Sanskrit

पितृदेवमनुष्याणां भूतानाञ्च तथाऽर्च्चनम् ।

कृत्वा विभवतः पश्चाद् गृहस्थो भोक्तुमर्हति ॥

Transliteration

pitṛdevamanuṣyāṇāṃ bhūtānāñca tathārccanam |

kṛtvā vibhavataḥ paścād gṛhastho bhoktumarhati ||

Translation

ဘိုးဘွားပိတೃများ၊ ဒေဝတားများ၊ လူသားများနှင့် အသက်ရှိသတ္တဝါ/ဝိညာဉ်တို့အား ကိုယ့်အင်အားအလိုက် ပူဇော်ကန်တော့ပြီးနောက် အိမ်ထောင်ရှင်သည် ထိုနောက်မှသာ အစာစားနိုင်သည်။

Word by Word

• पितृ-देव-मनुष्याणाम्: of ancestors, gods, and humans
• पितृ-देव-मनुष्याणाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + देव (प्रातिपदिक) + मनुष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (fathers, gods, humans)

• भूतानाम्: of beings/creatures
• भूतानाम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb: likewise)

• अर्चनम्: worship/offerings
• अर्चनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कृत्वा: having done
• कृत्वा: Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): having done

• विभवतः: according to (his) means
• विभवतः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विभव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; (according to one’s means)

• पश्चात्: afterwards
• पश्चात्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पश्चात् (अव्यय)
• Form: काल-अव्यय (adverb: afterwards)

• गृहस्थः: the householder
• गृहस्थः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गृहस्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• भोक्तुम्: to eat
• भोक्तुम्: Prayojana (प्रयोजन/उद्देश्य)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive): to eat

• अर्हति: is entitled/should
• अर्हति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्ह् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt; gṛhastha-dharma instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Pitṛs (Ancestors)
• Devas (general)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Gṛhastha duties
• Hospitality
• Bhūta-yajña
• Pitṛ-yajña

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Food is not merely personal enjoyment; the householder must first acknowledge debts to ancestors, gods, guests/society, and other beings—then eating becomes righteous.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ācāra-dharma; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse encodes an ‘interconnected cosmos’ ethic: nourishment is sanctified by offering—transforming consumption into yajña.